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THE HINDU VOCAB PART 3

1. Word: Haulage (वहन शुल्क)

  • Pronunciation: haw-lij/हॉलिज
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a. the business of moving things by road or railway
    b. the act or labor of hauling
  • Synonyms: transportation, carriage, freight, shipment
  • Antonyms: unhook, push, slipperiness
  • Usage in a sentence: Haulage costs are being cut and delivery speed has been increased because of easier customs regulations.


2. Word: Deplete (निःशेष करना)

  • Pronunciation: dih-pleet/डिप्लीट
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning:
    a. to reduce something in size or amount, especially supplies of energy, money etc.
  • Synonyms: exhaust, drain, consume, use up
  • Antonyms: fill, increase, replenish, expand
  • Usage in a sentence: The illness depletes the body of important vitamins.

 3. Word: Intermittent (अनिरंतर)

  • Pronunciation: in-ter-mit-nt/इन्टर्मिटन्ट
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning:
    a. stopping or ceasing for a time; alternately ceasing and beginning again
    b. alternately functioning and not functioning or alternately functioning properly and improperly
    c. (of streams, lakes, or springs) recurrent; showing water only part of the time
  • Synonyms: sporadic, periodic, irregular, fitful
  • Antonyms: constant, perpetual, frequent
  • Usage in a sentence: Although she made intermittent movie appearances, she was essentially a stage actress.

4. Word: Grapple (हाथापाई करना)

  • Pronunciation: grap-uhl/ग्रैपल
  • Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
  • Meaning:
    a. to fight, especially in order to win something (Verb)
    b. to hold someone while fighting with him or her (Verb)
    c. a hook or an iron instrument by which one thing, as a ship, fastens onto another (Noun)
  • Synonyms: struggle, wrestle, contend, fight
  • Antonyms: release, let go, lose, support
  • Usage in a sentence: The children grappled for the ball.

5. Word: Disconcert (व्याकुल करना)

  • Pronunciation: dis-kuhn-surt /डिस्कन्सर्ट
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning:
    a. to make someone feel suddenly uncertain and worried
  • Synonyms: upset, disturb, agitate
  • Antonyms: calm, comfort, soothe
  • Usage in a sentence: The whole experience had disconcerted him.

6. Word: Offtake (कुल व्यापार)

  • Pronunciation: awf-teyk/ऑफ्टेक
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning:
    a. the removal of oil from a reservoir or supply
    b. purchase of goods
    c. the amount of goods purchased during a given period
  • Synonyms: purchase, procurement, acquisition
  • Antonyms: 
  • Usage in a sentence: There are offtake agreements signed now for three products

7. Word: Onus (दायित्व)

  • Pronunciation: oh-nuhs/ओनस
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning:
    a. the responsibility or duty to do something
    b. a difficult or disagreeable obligation, task, burden, etc
    c. blame or responsibility
  • Synonyms: burden, load, responsibility, duty
  • Antonyms: advantage, help, aid, exoneration
  • Usage in a sentence: We are trying to shift the onus for passenger safety onto the government.

8. Word: Dampen (उत्साहहीन करना)

  • Pronunciation: dam-puh n/डैम्पन
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning:
    a. to make something slightly wet
    b. to make feelings, especially of excitement or enjoyment, less strong
    c. to make something less strong or successful
  • Synonyms: moisten, soften, damp
  • Antonyms: encourage, uplift, arouse
  • Usage in a sentence: Rain had dampened the tent so we left it to dry in the afternoon sun.

9. Word: Fleece (धन हथियाना)

  • Pronunciation: flees/फ्लीस
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning:
    a. the thick covering of wool on a sheep, or this covering used to make a piece of clothing (Noun)
    b. to take someone's money dishonestly, by charging too much money or by cheating them (Verb)
  • Synonyms: wool, swindle, cheat, overcharge
  • Antonyms: undercharge, satiate
  • Usage in a sentence: That restaurant really fleeced us.

10. Phrase: At odds with(प्रतिकूल)

  • Pronunciation: at-awds-with/ाट ऑड्स विद
  • Meaning:
    a. in disagreement
  • Synonyms: in opposition to, at variance, out of line
  • Antonyms: allied, like minded, in the spirit
  • Usage in a sentence: The two brothers were always at odds.

11. Phrase: Drill down(विश्लेशण करना)

  • Pronunciation: dril-doun/ड्रिल डाउन 
  • Meaning:
    a. access data which is in a lower level of a hierarchically structured database
    b. to look for something on a computer or website by moving from general information to more detailed information
  • Synonyms: drill, deepen, dis-aggregation
  • Antonyms: 
  • Usage in a sentence: Many websites have some form of hyperlink navigation as you drill down.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.


SR No.

Word

Antonym

1

Deplete 

Advantage

2

Disconcert 

Perpetual

3

Intermittent 

Soothe

4

Onus 

Encourage

5

Dampen 

Increase


1. Word: Camaraderie (सखापन)

  • Pronunciation: kah-muh-rah-duh-ree/कामराडरी
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a. a feeling of friendliness towards people that you work or share an experience with
    b. comradeship; good-fellowship
  • Synonyms: comradeship, friendship, fellowship, companionship
  • Antonyms: hate, solitude, loneliness, enmity
  • Usage in a sentence: For me mountain climbing is less about physical effort than about cooperation and camaraderie.

2. Word: New-found (नवीन-खोज)

  • Pronunciation: nyoo-found/न्यू फॉउन्ड
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning:
    a. newly found or discovered
    b. only recently happening, discovered, or beginning to exist
  • Synonyms: newly discovered, fresh, brand new, next, further
  • Antonyms: old, not updated
  • Usage in a sentence: This success is a reflection of their new-found confidence.

 3. Word: Exploitative (शोषक)

  • Pronunciation: ik-sploi-tuh-tiv/एक्स्प्लॉइटटिव
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning:
    a. using someone unfairly for your own advantage
    b. taking unfair or unethical advantage of a person, group, or situation for the purpose of profit, comfort, or advancement
  • Synonyms: predatory, scout
  • Antonyms: generative, beautiful
  • Usage in a sentence: Her success attracted too many exploitative relatives to count.

4. Word: Breaking-point (अत्यंत तनावग्रस्त स्थिति)

  • Pronunciation: brey-king point/ब्रेकिंग पॉइंट
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning:
    a. the moment of greatest strain at which someone or something gives way
    b. the point at which a situation or condition becomes critical
  • Synonyms: tipping point, point of failure, extremity
  • Usage in a sentence: The social and political tensions have now reached breaking point. 

5. Word: Bona-fide (यथार्थ)

  • Pronunciation: boh-nuh fahyd/बोन फाइड
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning:
    a. authentic; true
    b. real, not false
  • Synonyms: good faith, real, true, genuine
  • Usage in a sentence: Make sure you are dealing with a bona-fide company.

6. Word: Concede (स्वीकार करना)

  • Pronunciation: kuhn-seed/कन्सीड
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning:
    a. to acknowledge as true, just, or proper; admit
    b. to grant as a right or privilege; yield
    c. to make concession; yield to pressure or circumstances; admit defeat
  • Synonyms: admit, allow, acknowledge, grant
  • Antonyms: deny, fight, refuse, reject
  • Usage in a sentence: The government has conceded that the new tax policy has been a disaster.

7. Word: Expediency (उपयोगिता)

  • Pronunciation: ik-spee-dee-uh n-see/इक्स्पीडीअन्सी
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: Noun
    a. the quality of being expedient; advantageous
    b. a regard for what is politic or advantageous rather than for what is right or just; a sense of self-interest
  • Synonyms: convenience, advisability, usefulness, suitability
  • Antonyms: inexpediency, altruism, prejudice, detriment
  • Usage in a sentence: It might be expedient not to pay him until the work is finished.

8. Word: Mellow (परिपक्व होना)

  • Pronunciation: mel-oh/मेलो
  • Part of Speech: Adjective, Verb
  • Meaning:
    a. soft, sweet, and full-flavored from ripeness, as fruit (Adjective)
    b. well-matured, as wines (Adjective)
    c. soft and rich, as sound, tones, color, or light (Adjective)
    d. made gentle and compassionate by age or maturity; softened (Adjective)
    e. to make or become mellow (Verb)
  • Synonyms: mature, smooth, sweet, pleasant
  • Antonyms: harsh, sour, hard, strong
  • Usage in a sentence: The brickwork will mellow over the years so that it blends with the surroundings.

9. Word: Hurtle (तेजी से दौड़ना)

  • Pronunciation: hur-tl/हर्टल
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning:
    a. to move very fast, especially in a way that seems dangerous
  • Synonyms: rush, speed, dash, race, dart
  • Antonyms: linger, crawl, dawdle
  • Usage in a sentence: The explosion sent pieces of metal and glass hurtling through the air.

10. Phrase: Not come a moment too soon/early (काफी देर में)


  • Pronunciation: nawt-a- moh-muhnt-too-soon/नॉट अ मोमेन्ट टू सून 
  • Meaning:
    a. used to say that something happened when it was almost too late
  • Synonyms: not too early, not too soon, too late
  • Usage in a sentence: Help arrived - but not a moment too soon.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.


SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

Mellow

New discovery

2

Breaking point

Pleasant

3

Concede

Predatory

4

Exploitative

Grant 

5

New-found

Point of failure

1. Word: Usher (संचालन करना)

  • Pronunciation: uhsh-er/अशर
  • Part of Speech: Noun, verb
  • Meaning: a. a person who escorts people to seats in a theater, church, etc. (Noun)
    b. a person acting as an official doorkeeper, as in a courtroom or legislative chamber(Noun)
    c. a male attendant of a bridegroom at a wedding (Noun)
    d. to lead, introduce, or conduct (Verb)
    e. to attend or bring at the coming or beginning; precede or herald, usually followed by in (Verb)
  • Synonyms: guide, lead, escort, conduct, accompany
  • Antonyms: follow, attend, succeed
  • Usage in a sentence: She ushered us into her office and offered us coffee.

2. Word: Outlay (खर्च)

  • Pronunciation: out-ley/आउट्ले
  • Part of Speech:Noun, Verb
  • Meaning:
    a. an expending or spending, as of money (Noun)
    b. an amount expended; expenditure (Noun)
    c. to expend, as money (Verb)
  • Synonyms: expenditure, disbursement, expense, spending, payment
  • Antonyms: income, wages, perks, returns
  • Usage in a sentence: Few are able to afford the cash outlay.

3. Word: Onus (बोझ)

  • Pronunciation: oh-nuhs/ओनस
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: 
    a. a difficult or disagreeable obligation, task, burden, etc.
    b. burden of proof
    c. blame or responsibility
  • Synonyms: burden, load, weight, responsibility
  • Antonyms: advantage, help, aid
  • Usage in a sentence: We are trying to shift the onus for passenger safety onto the government.

 4. Word: Unveil (अनावरण)

  • Pronunciation: uhn-veyl/अन्वेल
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. to reveal or disclose by or as if by removing a veil or covering
    b. to remove a veil or other covering from; display; reveal
    c. to become revealed by or as if by removing a veil
  • Synonyms: reveal,uncover,disclose,expose,show
  • Antonyms: hide, conceal, veil, cover, mask
  • Usage in a sentence: The company recently unveiled a test version of its new search engine.

5. Word: Cluster (समूह)

  • Pronunciation: kluhs-ter/क्लस्टर
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning:
    a group of things or persons close together (Noun)
    a number of things of the same kind, growing or held together; a bunch (Noun)
    to gather into a cluster or clusters (Verb)
    to furnish or cover with clusters (Verb)
  • Synonyms: group, bunch, crowd, band, aggregate
  • Antonyms: disperse,individual,scatter, one
  • Usage in a sentence: Have a look at the cluster of galaxies in this photograph

6. Word: Exacerbate (बढ़ाना)

  • Pronunciation: ig-zas-er-beyt/इग्ज़ैसर्बेट
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. to increase the severity, bitterness, or violence of (disease, ill feeling, etc.)
    b. to embitter the feelings of (a person); irritate; exasperate
  • Synonyms: aggravate,worsen,intensify,increase
  • Antonyms: improve, soothe, alleviate, ease
  • Usage in a sentence: This attack will exacerbate the already tense relations between the two communities.

7. Word: Ostensibly (प्रकट रूप से)

  • Pronunciation: o-sten-suh-buh l/आस्टेन्सब्ली
  • Part of Speech: Adverb
  • Meaning: 
    a. outwardly appearing as such; professed; pretended
    b. appearing or claiming to be one thing when it is really something else
  • Synonyms: apparently, seemingly, outwardly, superficially
  • Antonyms: truly, really, improbably, unlikely
  • Usage in a sentence: If the engine on an ostensibly low-mileage car is filthy, it may have higher mileage than it seems.

8. Word: Jettison (फेंक देना)

  • Pronunciation: jet-uh-suh ning/जेट्टिसोनिंग
  • Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
  • Meaning:
    a. to cast (goods) overboard in order to lighten a vessel or aircraft or to improve its stability in an emergency (verb)
    b. to throw off (something) as an obstacle or burden; discard (verb)
    c. to discard (Verb)
    d. the act of casting goods from a vessel or aircraft to lighten or stabilize it (Noun)
  • Synonyms: discarding, dropping, dumping, abandoning
  • Antonyms: keep, retain, save, hold
  • Usage in a sentence: The station has jettisoned educational broadcasts.

9. Word: Armoury (शस्त्रागार)

  • Pronunciation: armory/आर्मरी
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: 
    a. a secure place for the storage of weapons
    b. a National Guard base
    c. a building in which training in the use of arms and drill takes place; drill hall
    d. a place where arms are made
  • Synonyms: arsenal, weapons, gun store, ammunition dump
  • Usage in a sentence:Fighter planes have successfully bombed the enemy's main armoury.

10. Word: Overzealous (उत्साहयुक्त)

  • Pronunciation: oh-ver-zel-uh s/उत्तेजित
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: 
    a. full of, characterized by, or due to zeal; ardently active, devoted, or diligent
    b. too enthusiastic and eager
  • Synonyms: fanatic, rabid, overenthusiastic, fanatical
  • Antonyms: rational, passionless
  • Usage in a sentence: He had to be protected from overzealous fans.

11. Phrase: Harass (परेशान करना)

  • Pronunciation: huh-ras/ हैरस
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. to disturb persistently; torment, bother continually
    b. to trouble by repeated attacks, incursions, etc.
  • Synonyms: pester, annoy, bother, irritate, plague
  • Antonyms: assist, comfort, calm, appease
  • Usage in a sentence: He claimed that the police continued to harass foreign journalists.

12. Word: Bureaucracy (अधिकारी-तन्त्र)

  • Pronunciation: byoo-rok-ruh-see/ब्युराक्रसी
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: 
    a. government by many bureaus, administrators, and petty officials
    b. the body of officials and administrators, especially of a government or government department
    c. excessive multiplication of, and concentration of power in, administrative bureaus or administrators
    d. administration characterized by excessive red tape and routine
  • Synonyms: red tape, paper work, government, administration
  • Usage in a sentence: The city’s bureaucracy is almost unmanageable.

13. Word: Anachronistic (कालभ्रमित)


  • Pronunciation: uh-nak-ruh-nis-tik/अनार्कोनिस्टिक
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: 
    a. pertaining to or containing an anachronism
    b. existing out of its time in history
  • Synonyms: outdated, obsolete, incongruous
  • Antonyms: synchronous, modern, contemporary, up-to-date
  • Usage in a sentence: He described the law as anachronistic and ridiculous.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.


SR No.

Word

Antonym

1

Jettison

Alleviate

2

Exacerbate

Retain

3

Harass

Hide

4

Unveil

Rational

5

Overzealous

Appease

1. Word: Disruption (विघ्न)

  • Pronunciation:dis-ruhp-shuh n/डिस्रप्शन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a. forcible separation or division into parts
    b. a disrupted condition
    c. (Business) a radical change in an industry, business strategy
  • Synonyms: disturbance, turmoil, separation, dissolution
  • Antonyms: quietness, calmness, composure
  • Usage in a sentence: The accident brought widespread disruption on the roads.


2. Word: Obliterate (मिटाना)

  • Pronunciation: uh-blit-uh-reyt/अब्लिटरेट
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning:
    a. to remove or destroy all traces of; do away with; destroy completely
    b. to blot out or render undecipherable (writing, marks, etc.); efface
  • Synonyms: delete, destroy, eradicate, wipe out, blot out
  • Antonyms: create, build, construct, establish, save
  • Usage in a sentence: Maybe she gets drunk to obliterate painful memories.

3. Word: Nascent (शुरुआती स्तर पर)

  • Pronunciation: ney-suh nt/नैसन्ट
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: 
    a. one part or division of a larger unit, as of an asset pool or investment(Noun)
    b. to divide into parts(verb used with object)
  • Synonyms: incipient,emerging, beginning, initial
  • Antonyms: last, dying, mature, grown
  • Usage in a sentence: Everyone in this nascent business is still struggling with basic issues.

 4. Word: Bode (शकुन होना)

  • Pronunciation: bohd/बोड
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. to portend
    b. to be a sign of something that will happen in the future, usually something very good or bad
  • Synonyms: portend, foreshadow, augur, predict, foretell, forecast, presage
  • Usage in a sentence: This does not bode well for the future of the peace process.

5. Word: Induce (उकसाना)

  • Pronunciation: in-dyoos/इन्डूस
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. to lead or move by persuasion or influence, as to some action or state of mind
    b. to bring about, produce, or cause something
    c. Logic. to assert or establish a proposition on the basis of observations on a number of particular facts
    d. Genetics. to increase expression of (a gene) by inactivating a negative control system or activating a positive control system; depress
  • Synonyms: urge, persuade, prompt, influence, provoke
  • Antonyms: discourage, prevent, deter, prohibit
  • Usage in a sentence: Pills for seasickness often induce drowsiness.

6. Word: Ensure (सुनिश्चित करना)

  • Pronunciation: en-shoor/एन्शुर
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. to secure or guarantee
    b. to make sure or certain
    c. to make secure or safe, as from harm
  • Synonyms: guarantee,secure, ensuring, provide, assure
  • Antonyms: neglect, deny, ignore, reject
  • Usage in a sentence: The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft.

7. Word: Gloomy (विषादपूर्ण)

  • Pronunciation: gloo-mee/ग्लूमी
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: 
    a. dark or dim; deeply shaded
    b. causing gloom; dismal or depressing
    c. filled with or showing gloom; sad, dejected, or melancholy
    d. hopeless or despairing; pessimistic
  • Synonyms: dismal, dark, dreary, sad, grim
  • Antonyms: cheerful, happy, bright, festive
  • Usage in a sentence: We waited in a gloomy waiting room for long.

8. Word: Bleak (निराशाजनक)

  • Pronunciation: bleek/ब्लीक
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: 
    a. empty, and not welcoming or attractive
    b. bare, desolate, and often windswept
    c. cold and piercing; raw
  • Synonyms: depressing,dark, dismal, grim
  • Antonyms: bright, hopeful, pleasant, encouraging
  • Usage in a sentence: The economic outlook is bleak.

9. Phrase: Pour in(बढ़ना)

  • Pronunciation: Pour-in/पोर इन
  • Meaning: 
    a. to arrive in overwhelming numbers or quantity
    b. to flow or flood into something
  • Synonyms: heap, pile up, increase
  • Usage in a sentence: Millions of wishes poured in for Madhuri Dixit on her 53rd birthday.

10. Phrase: Find one's feet (सक्षम बनना)


  • Pronunciation: faind-wans-fiːt/ फाइंड ॉन्स फीट
  • Meaning: 
    a. stand up and become able to walk
    b. become confident or successful in a particular field or activity
  • Synonyms: adapt, adjust,come to terms with,
  • Antonyms: fail, take a seat, backslide
  • Usage in a sentence: It is always hard to find one's feet in a saturated industry.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.

SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

Find one's feet

Dark

2

Nascent

Increase

3

Bleak

Adapt

4

Pour in

Emerging

5

Disruption

Turmoil


1. Word: Unprecedented (बेमिसाल)

  • Pronunciation: uhn-pres-i-den-tid/अन्प्रेसिडेन्टिड
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: never done or known before.
  • Synonyms:  remarkable, extraordinary, unusual
  • Antonyms: familiar, ordinary, usual
  • Use in a Sentence: In the city, crime has increased on an unprecedented scale.

2. Word: Anomaly (अनियम)

  • Pronunciation: ə-ˈnä-mə-lē/अनामली
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected.
  • Synonyms: exception, abnormality
  • Antonyms: usual, standard, normal
  • Usage in a Sentence: They regarded the test results as an anomaly.

3. Word: Exacerbate (ख़राब करना)

  • Pronunciation: ex-aca-bate/इग्ज़ैसर्बेट 
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: to increase the severity or worsen/make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse.
  • Synonyms: aggravate, make worse, worsen, inflame
  • Antonyms: calm, reduce
  • Use in a Sentence: She doesn't want to exacerbate the situation.

 4. Word: Ramp up (बढ़ाना)

  • Pronunciation: ramp up/रैंप अप
  • Part of Speech: 
  • Meaning: 

        a. to increase or cause to increase

        b. (intr) to increase the effort involved in a process

  • Synonyms: build up, work up, progress, fortify
  • Antonyms: corrode
  • Use in a Sentence: The company announced plans to ramp up production to 10,000 units per month.

5. Word: Tumble ( ढलकाना)

  • Part of Speech: Verb/Noun
  • Meaning:

       a. fall suddenly, clumsily, or headlong. [Verb]

       b. a sudden or headlong fall. [Noun]

  • Pronunciation: tuhm-buh l/टम्बल
  • Synonyms: plunge, descend
  • Antonyms: peak, rise
  • Use in a Sentence: The child enjoys rough and tumbles play.

6. Word: Offshore (किनारे से दूर)

  • Pronunciation: awf-shawr/ऑफ्शोर
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: 

        a. located some distance from the shore/made, situated, or registered abroad, 

  • Synonyms: seaward, foreign, extraneous
  • Antonyms: onshore, inland, aground
  • Use in a Sentence: Rich people often use offshore banks in an effort to avoid paying taxes.

7. Word: Curtail (कम करना)

  • Pronunciation:ker-teyl /कर्टैल
  • Part of Speech: 
  • Meaning:

       a. reduce in extent or quantity; impose a restriction on.

       b. deprive someone of (something).

  • Synonyms: shorten, reduce, diminish
  • Antonyms: extend, prolong, maximize
  • Use in a Sentence: We must try to curtail our spending.

8. Word: Prudently (समझदारी से)

  • Pronunciation: prood-nt-ly/प्रूडन्ट्ली
  • Part of Speech: Adverb
  • Meaning: 
    a. in a way that shows care and thought for the future.
  • Synonyms: carefully, judiciously
  • Antonyms: injudiciously, unwisely
  • Use in Sentence: We will actively and prudently build more cities and towns.

9. Word: Protracted (दीर्घ/ विलंब करना)

  • Pronunciation: proh-trakt-ed/ प्रोट्रैक्टिड
  • Part of Speech: Adjective, Verb
  • Meaning:a. lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual. [Adjective]
    b. prolonged. [Verb]
  • Synonyms: extended, lengthy
  • Antonyms: fast, abrupt
  • Usage in a sentence: Prolonged exposure to the sun can cause skin cancer.

10. Word: Lockdown (लॉकडाउन)


  • Pronunciation: lok-doun/ लाक्डाउन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: 
    a. the confining of prisoners to their cells, typically in order to regain control during a riot.
    b. a state of isolation or restricted access instituted as a security measure.
  • Synonyms: solitary confinement, curfew, isolation
  • Antonyms: freedom, liberty, release
  • Usage in a Sentence: Thirty-nine states require lockdown, active-shooter or similar safety drills.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.


SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

unprecedented

plunge

2

anomaly

progress

3

exacerbate

remarkable

4

ramp-up

exception

5

tumble

worsen

1. Word: Trajectory (प्रक्षेपपथ)

  • Pronunciation: truh-jek-tuh-ree/ ट्रजेक्टरी
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: the path followed by a projectile flying or an object moving under the action of given forces.
  • Synonyms: course, track, route, path
  • Antonyms: off track, off route
  • Usage in a sentence: The decision was certain to affect the trajectory of French politics for some time to come.

2. Word: Syndrome (परिलक्षण)

  • Pronunciation: sin-drohm/ सिन्ड्रोम
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: 
    a. a group of symptoms which consistently occur together, or a condition characterized by a set of associated symptoms.
    b. a characteristic combination of opinions, emotions, or behaviour.
  • Synonyms: disorder, disease, illness, symptom, condition, infirmity
  • Usage in a Sentence: Mendez was born with the rare disorder tetra-amelia syndrome and was unable to play football growing up despite his passion for the sport

3. Word: Contagion (संक्रामक रोग) 

  • Pronunciation: kuh n-tey-juh n/ कन्टेजन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: the communication of disease from one person or organism to another by close contact.
  • Synonyms: disease, infection, contamination, poison
  • Antonyms: remedy, antidote, medicine, treatment
  • Usage in a Sentence: People have been warned to keep out of the area to avoid contagion.

4. Word: Harbour (आश्रयगृह, पनाह देना)

  • Pronunciation: hahr-ber/ हार्बर
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. a place on the coast where ships may moor in shelter, especially one protected from rough water by piers, jetties, and other artificial structures. (Noun)
    b. a place of refuge. (Noun)
    c. keep (a thought or feeling, typically a negative one) in one's mind, especially secretly. (Verb)
    d. give a home or shelter to.
  • Synonyms: port, haven, dock, shelter, nurse, accommodate
  • Antonyms: undock, endanger
  • Usage in a sentence: She started to harbour doubts about the wisdom of their journey. 

5. Word: Underlying (अंतर्निहित)

  • Pronunciation: uhn-der-lahy-ing/ अन्डर्लाइइंग
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. (especially of a layer of rock or soil) lying or situated under (something).
    b. be the cause or basis of (something).
  • Synonyms: basic, fundamental, primary, elementary
  • Antonyms: incidental, minor, subordinate, auxiliary
  • Usage in a Sentence: Of the younger individuals who have died, many presented underlying health issues.

6. Word: Lethal (घातक)

  • Pronunciation: lee-thuh l/ लीथल
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: 
    a. sufficient to cause death.
    b. very harmful or destructive.
  • Synonyms: deadly, fatal, poisonous, harmful, destructive
  • Antonyms: harmless, safe, beneficial, healthy
  • Usage in a sentence: He was sentenced to death by lethal injection.

7. Word: Cripple (अयोग्य करना)

  • Pronunciation: krip-uh l/ क्रिपल
  • Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
  • Meaning: 
    a. cause (someone) to become unable to walk or move properly. (Verb)
    b. deprive of the ability to function normally. (Verb)
    c. a person with a severe limitation of a specified kind. (Noun)
  • Synonyms: incapacitate, mutilate, disable, debilitate
  • Antonyms: aid, help, strengthen, assist
  • Usage in a sentence: Her ill-gotten gains will cripple not only her students but her young country too.

8. Word: Stagger (विचलित करना)

  • Pronunciation: stag-er/ स्टैगर
  • Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
  • Meaning:
    a. walk or move unsteadily as if about to fall. [Verb]
    b. astonish or deeply shock. [Verb]
    c. an unsteady walk or movement. [Noun]
  • Synonyms: stumble, surprise, shocked
  • Antonyms: comfort, relax, calm
  • Use in a Sentence: It seems they stagger from one crisis to the next.

9. Word: Unleash (उन्मुक्त करना)

  • Pronunciation: uhn-leesh/ अन्लीश
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: cause (a strong or violent force) to be released or become unrestrained.
  • Synonyms: release, liberate, extricate
  • Antonyms: restrain, control, inhibit
  • Usage in a Sentence: The result will unleash the raging demands for her resignation.

10. Word: Dilution (तनुकरण, हलका करना)

  • Pronunciation: dih-loo-shuh n/ डाइलूशन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: the action of making something weaker in force, content, or value.
  • Synonyms: thinning, weakening
  • Antonym: concentration
  • Usage in a Sentence: The rate of formation will never catch up with the rate of dilution.

11. Word: Mandate (अधिकार-पत्र/ सौंपना)

  • Pronunciation: man-deyt/ मैन्डेट
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning: a. an official order or commission to do something. [Noun]
    b. give (someone) authority to act in a certain way. [Verb]
  • Synonyms: order, command, charge
  • Antonyms: denial, abolish
  • Usage in a sentence: The government gave the police a mandate to reduce crime.

12. Word: Enfeeble (दुर्बल करना)

  • Pronunciation: en-fee-buhl/ एन्फीबल
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: make weak or feeble.
  • Synonyms: weaken, debilitate, disable, cripple
  • Antonyms: strengthen, encourage, energize
  • Usage in a sentence: This does not mean that you will instantly become enfeebled, relying on others to do everything for you.

13. Word: Scourge (आफ़त, कड़ा दण्ड देना)


  • Pronunciation: skurj/ स्कर्ज
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. a whip used as an instrument of punishment. (Noun)
    b. a person or thing that causes great trouble or suffering. (Noun)
    c. whip (someone) as a punishment. (Verb)
    d. cause great suffering to. (Verb)
  • Synonyms: plague, whip, lash, affliction
  • Antonyms: benefit, blessing, boon, delight
  • Usage in a Sentence: 
    a. The disease continues to be a scourge in the developing world. (Noun)
    b. The prisoner was scourged with a whip. (Verb)

Exercise 2: Match the columns.


SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

Enfeeble

Release

2

Unleash

Accommodate

3

Underlying

Course

4

Harbour

Weaken

5

Lethal

Deadly

6

Trajectory

Basic

1. Word: Tactics (युक्तियाँ)

  • Pronunciation: tak-tiks/टैक्टिक्स
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: an action or strategy carefully planned to achieve a specific end.
  • Synonyms: plan, scheme
  • Antonyms: accident, chance
  • Use in a Sentence: They planned the tactics for the next day's battle.

2. Word: Untenable (असमर्थनीय)

  • Pronunciation: uhn-ten-uh-buhl/अन्टेनबल
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning:

       a. (especially of a position or view) not able to be maintained or defended against attack or objection.

  • Synonyms: indefensible, undefendable, unarguable, insupportable
  • Antonyms: reasonable, credible, sensible
  • Use in a Sentence: They collectively dismissed the prospect as untenable.

3. Word: Defection (त्याग)

  • Pronunciation: dih-fek-shuhn/डिफेक्शन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: the desertion of one's country or cause in favour of an opposing one.
  • Synonyms: desertion, abandonment, withdrawal
  • Antonyms: loyalty, commitment
  • Usage in a sentence: Recent changes in policy have resulted in large-scale defection from the party.

4. Word: Ingenious (चतुर)

  • Pronunciation: in-ji-ni-yus/ इन्जीन्यस
  • Part of Speech: adjective
  • Meaning: cleverly and originally devised and well suited to its purpose
  • Synonyms: clever, smart, creative, inventive.
  • Antonyms: dull, foolish, untalented
  • Use in a Sentence: An ingenious idea suddenly came upon him when he was taking a walk with his wife.

5. Word: Partisan (कट्टर)

  • Pronunciation: pahr-tuh-zuhn/पार्टिज़न
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
  • Meaning:

       a. a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person. [Noun]

       b. prejudiced in favour of a particular cause. [Adjective]


  • Synonyms: supporter, biased
  • Antonyms: opponent, unbiased
  • Use in a Sentence: You must listen to both points of view and try not to be partisan.

6. Word: Camouflage (छुप जाना)

  • Pronunciation:ˈka-mə-ˌfläzh/कैमफ्लाश़
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. the disguising of military personnel, equipment, and installations by painting or covering them to make them blend in with their surroundings. (Noun)
    b. hide or disguise the presence of (a person, animal, or object) by means of camouflage. (Verb)
  • Synonyms: disguise, mask, cloak, conceal, cover
  • Antonyms: uncover, unmask, reveal, show
  • Usage in a Sentence: The insect has the ideal camouflage because it looks exactly like an unnoticeable brown leaf.

7. Word: Alleged (कथित)

  • Pronunciation: uh-lejd/ अलेज्ड
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: said, without proof, to have taken place or to have a specified illegal or undesirable quality.
  • Synonyms: supposed, claimed, assumed, stated, presumed
  • Antonyms: confirmed, indisputable, authentic
  • Usage in a Sentence: The state investigation found more alleged crimes than the internal investigations uncovered.

8. Word: Detention (कारावास)

  • Pronunciation: dih-ten-shuh n/ डिटेन्शन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: the action of detaining someone or the state of being detained in official custody.
  • Synonyms: custody, imprisonment, confinement, incarceration
  • Antonyms: redemption, release, liberation, discharge, freedom
  • Usage in a sentence: The detention raised two distinct but closely linked questions.

9. Word: Impasse (गतिरोध)

  • Pronunciation: im-pas, im-pas/ इम्पैस
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a situation in which no progress is possible, especially because of disagreement; a deadlock.
  • Synonyms: deadlock, stalemate, gridlock
  • Antonyms: breakthrough, betterment
  • Usage in a sentence: Negotiations seemed to have reached an impasse.

10. Word: Threshold (सीमा)


  • Pronunciation: thresh-ohld/ थ्रेशोल्ड
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: 
    a. a strip of wood or stone forming the bottom of a doorway and crossed in entering a house or room.
    b. the magnitude or intensity that must be exceeded for a certain reaction, phenomenon, result, or condition to occur or be manifested.
  • Synonyms: limit, boundary, door, brink, verge
  • Antonyms: end, closure, finish
  • Usage in a sentence: If your income rises above a certain threshold, your tax rate also rises.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.


SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

camouflage

claimed

2

alleged

deadlock

3

detention

mask

4

impasse

door

5

threshold

confinement

1. Word: Tactics (युक्तियाँ)

  • Pronunciation: tak-tiks/टैक्टिक्स
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: an action or strategy carefully planned to achieve a specific end.
  • Synonyms: plan, scheme
  • Antonyms: accident, chance
  • Use in a Sentence: They planned the tactics for the next day's battle.

2. Word: Untenable (असमर्थनीय)

  • Pronunciation: uhn-ten-uh-buhl/अन्टेनबल
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning:

       a. (especially of a position or view) not able to be maintained or defended against attack or objection.

  • Synonyms: indefensible, undefendable, unarguable, insupportable
  • Antonyms: reasonable, credible, sensible
  • Use in a Sentence: They collectively dismissed the prospect as untenable.

3. Word: Defection (त्याग)

  • Pronunciation: dih-fek-shuhn/डिफेक्शन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: the desertion of one's country or cause in favour of an opposing one.
  • Synonyms: desertion, abandonment, withdrawal
  • Antonyms: loyalty, commitment
  • Usage in a sentence: Recent changes in policy have resulted in large-scale defection from the party.

4. Word: Ingenious (चतुर)

  • Pronunciation: in-ji-ni-yus/ इन्जीन्यस
  • Part of Speech: adjective
  • Meaning: cleverly and originally devised and well suited to its purpose
  • Synonyms: clever, smart, creative, inventive.
  • Antonyms: dull, foolish, untalented
  • Use in a Sentence: An ingenious idea suddenly came upon him when he was taking a walk with his wife.

5. Word: Partisan (कट्टर)

  • Pronunciation: pahr-tuh-zuhn/पार्टिज़न
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
  • Meaning:

       a. a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person. [Noun]

       b. prejudiced in favour of a particular cause. [Adjective]

  • Synonyms: supporter, biased
  • Antonyms: opponent, unbiased
  • Use in a Sentence: You must listen to both points of view and try not to be partisan.

6. Word: Camouflage (छुप जाना)

  • Pronunciation:ˈka-mə-ˌfläzh/कैमफ्लाश़
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. the disguising of military personnel, equipment, and installations by painting or covering them to make them blend in with their surroundings. (Noun)
    b. hide or disguise the presence of (a person, animal, or object) by means of camouflage. (Verb)
  • Synonyms: disguise, mask, cloak, conceal, cover
  • Antonyms: uncover, unmask, reveal, show
  • Usage in a Sentence: The insect has the ideal camouflage because it looks exactly like an unnoticeable brown leaf.

7. Word: Alleged (कथित)

  • Pronunciation: uh-lejd/ अलेज्ड
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: said, without proof, to have taken place or to have a specified illegal or undesirable quality.
  • Synonyms: supposed, claimed, assumed, stated, presumed
  • Antonyms: confirmed, indisputable, authentic
  • Usage in a Sentence: The state investigation found more alleged crimes than the internal investigations uncovered.

8. Word: Detention (कारावास)

  • Pronunciation: dih-ten-shuh n/ डिटेन्शन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: the action of detaining someone or the state of being detained in official custody.
  • Synonyms: custody, imprisonment, confinement, incarceration
  • Antonyms: redemption, release, liberation, discharge, freedom
  • Usage in a sentence: The detention raised two distinct but closely linked questions.

9. Word: Impasse (गतिरोध)

  • Pronunciation: im-pas, im-pas/ इम्पैस
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a situation in which no progress is possible, especially because of disagreement; a deadlock.
  • Synonyms: deadlock, stalemate, gridlock
  • Antonyms: breakthrough, betterment
  • Usage in a sentence: Negotiations seemed to have reached an impasse.

10. Word: Threshold (सीमा)


  • Pronunciation: thresh-ohld/ थ्रेशोल्ड
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: 
    a. a strip of wood or stone forming the bottom of a doorway and crossed in entering a house or room.
    b. the magnitude or intensity that must be exceeded for a certain reaction, phenomenon, result, or condition to occur or be manifested.
  • Synonyms: limit, boundary, door, brink, verge
  • Antonyms: end, closure, finish
  • Usage in a sentence: If your income rises above a certain threshold, your tax rate also rises.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.


SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

camouflage

claimed

2

alleged

deadlock

3

detention

mask

4

impasse

door

5

threshold

confinement


1.Word: Abort (विफलन)

  • Pronunciation: uh-bawrt/ अबॉर्ट
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. carry out or undergo the abortion of (a fetus).
    b. bring to a premature end because of a problem or fault.
  • Synonyms: miscarry, cancel, stop, fail, terminate, drop, call off
  • Antonyms: keep, continue, achieve, acquire
  • Usage in a sentence: When problems occurred during the launch, it was necessary to abort.

2.Word: Potent (प्रभावकारी)

  • Pronunciation: poht-nt/पोटन्ट
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: 
    a. having great power, influence, or effect.
  • Synonyms: powerful, influential
  • Antonyms: weak, incapable
  • Use in a Sentence: The medicine had a potent effect on your disease.

3.Word: Realm (क्षेत्र) 

  • Pronunciation: relm
  • Part of Speech: noun
  • Meaning: a subject or area in which an individual has curiosity, experience, and/or knowledge
  • Synonyms: domain, sphere, area.
  • Antonyms: Whole, sky, undivided
  • Usage in a Sentence: In recent years, many technological innovations have deepened my interest in the realm of computer science.

4.Word: Amnesty (अपराध-विस्मरण)

  • Pronunciation: am-nuh-stee/ऐम्निस्टी
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning: 

        a. an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offences. [Noun]

        b. grant an official pardon to. [Verb]

  • Synonyms: exemption, forgiveness, liberation
  • Antonyms: adjudication, punishment, penalty
  • Use in a Sentence: The council granted an amnesty to all administrative captives.

5.Word: Heinous (जघन्य)

  • Pronunciation: hey-nuhs/ हेनस
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: (of a person or wrongful act, especially a crime) utterly odious or wicked.
  • Synonyms: atrocious, abominable, monstrous, evil
  • Antonyms: glorious, good, lovely, magnificent
  • Usage in a Sentence: Hitler's heinous crimes will never be forgotten.

6.Word: Fray ( झगड़ा)

  • Pronunciation: freɪ/फ्रै
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a situation of intense competitive activity, a battle or fight.
  • Synonyms: brawl, scuffle, quarrel
  • Antonyms: agreement, harmony, tranquillity
  • Usage in a Sentence: Why should we get involved in others fray?

7.Word: Defer (आस्थगित करना)

  • Pronunciation: dih-fur/डिफर
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: put off (an action or event) to a later time; postpone.
  • Synonyms: adjourn, delay, hold over
  • Antonyms: accelerate, hasten, expedite
  • Use in Sentence: The committee wishes to defer their decision until next week.

8.Word: Engender (उत्पन्न करना)

  • Pronunciation: en-jen-der/ एन्जेन्डर
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: cause or give rise to (a feeling, situation, or condition).
  • Synonyms: generate, produce, create, cause, breed, beget
  • Antonyms: destroy, halt, stop, annihilate
  • Usage in a sentence: The issue has engendered a considerable amount of debate.

9.Word: Hegemonic (आधिपत्य)

  • Pronunciation: hej-uh-mon-ik/ हेगमानिक
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: ruling or dominant in a political or social context.
  • Synonyms: dominant, authoritative, foremost
  • Antonyms: minor, dependent
  • Usage in a Sentence: They discussed the national government's hegemony over their tribal

10.Word: Equity (निष्पक्षता)

  • Pronunciation: ek-wi-tee/ एक्विटी
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: the quality of being fair and impartial.
  • Synonyms: fairness, justice, equality
  • Antonyms: injustice, partiality, discrimination, dishonesty
  • Usage in a sentence: The rules of common law and equity are both, in essence, systems of private law.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.

SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

Fray

justice

2

Defer

authoritative

3

Engender

produce

4

Hegemony

delay

5

Equity

scuffle

1. Word: Accord (सहमाति)

  • Pronunciation: uh-kawrd/अकॉर्ड
  • Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
  • Meaning: 

        a. give or grant someone (power, status, or recognition). [Verb]  

        b. (of a concept or fact) be harmonious or consistent with. [Verb]

        c. an official agreement or treaty. [Noun]

  • Synonyms: agreement, harmony, concord
  • Antonyms: discord, squabble
  • Use in a Sentence: Such an order would not be in accord with our system.

2. Word: Deflect (झुकाना)

  • Pronunciation: dih-flekt/ डिफ्लेक्ट
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. cause (something) to change direction; turn aside from a straight course.
    b. cause (someone) to deviate from an intended purpose.
    c. cause (something) to change orientation.
  • Synonyms: divert, avert, distract, deviate
  • Antonyms: attract, collide, contact
  • Usage in a Sentence: The goalie deflected the ball with his hands.

3. Word: Perception (संवेदन)

  • Pronunciation: per-sep-shuhn/ पर्सेप्शन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: the ability to see, hear or become aware of something through the senses.
  • Synonyms: understanding, feeling, awareness
  • Antonyms: misunderstanding, incomprehension
  • Usage in a Sentence: We have to change the public's perception that money is being wasted.

4. Word: Complicit (भागीदार)

  • Pronunciation: im-uh-leyt/ कोम्प्लिसिट
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: involved with others in an activity that is unlawful or morally wrong.
  • Synonyms: accomplice, co-conspirator, confederates, partners
  • Antonyms: unattached, uninvolved, unconcerned, indifferent
  • Usage in a sentence: His complicity with the former government had led to his downfall.

5. Word: Mooted (विचार करना)

  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: raised (a question or topic) for discussion; suggested (an idea or possibility).
  • Pronunciation: मूटिड
  • Synonyms: debated, discussed, argued
  • Antonyms: taken
  • Use in a Sentence: It's a moot point whether Rohan or Sohan is a better player.

6. Word: Enact (अभिनीत करना)

  • Pronunciation: en-akt/एनैक्ट
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: 

         a. make (a bill or other proposal) law.

         b. put into practice (an idea or suggestion).

  • Synonyms: ordain, execute
  • Antonyms: abolish, revoke
  • Use in a Sentence: The leader could not enact laws without the consent of Parliament.

7. Word: Delineate (निरूपण करना)

  • Pronunciation: dih-lin-ee-eyt/डिलिनीऐट
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: 

        a. describe or portray (something) precisely.

        b. indicate the exact position of (a border or boundary).

  • Synonyms: describe, portray
  • Antonyms: fill out, distort
  • Use in a Sentence: The aim of environmental analysis is to delineate the target area.

8. Word: Litigation (मुकदमे बाजी)

  • Pronunciation:lit-i-gey-shuh n/लिटगैशन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: the process of taking legal action.
  • Synonyms: proceeding, dispute, contention
  • Antonyms: compromise, accord, truce
  • Use in a Sentence: The payment was made early to avoid litigation.

9. Word: Intent (इरादा )

  • Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
  • Pronunciation: in-tent/इन्टेन्ट
  • Meaning: 

        a. intention or purpose. [Noun]

        b. determined to do (something). [Adjective]

        c. (of a look or expression) showing earnest and eager attention. [Adjective]

  • Synonyms: purpose, objective, goal
  • Antonyms: unorganized, irresolute
  • Use in a Sentence: He was intent on pursuing a career in business.

10. Word: Emotive (भावनात्मक)


  • Pronunciation: ih-moh-tiv / इमोटिव
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: arousing or able to arouse an intense feeling.
  • Synonyms: emotional, effective, stirring
  • Antonyms: stoic, practical
  • Usage in a sentence: He must be careful to avoid emotive judgements or scornful abuse.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.


SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

Enact

emotional

2

Delineate

purpose

3

Litigation

proceeding

4

Intent

describe

5

Emotive

ordain

1. Word: Endorsement (तसदीक़)

  • Pronunciation: en-dawrs-muh nt/एन्डॉर्स्मन्ट
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: the act of declaring one's public approval or support of someone or something.
  • Synonyms: sanction, approval, affirmation
  • Antonyms: dissent, disapproval
  • Use in a Sentence: These measures have a strong endorsement of the community.

2. Word: Polarisation (ध्रुवीकरण)

  • Pronunciation: poh-ler-uh-zey-shuh n/ पोलरिज़ेशन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: division into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs.
  • Synonyms: division, discord, opposition
  • Antonyms: reunion, coexistence, convergence
  • Usage in a Sentence: Political polarisation in industrialised countries has fuelled a resurgence of fiscal conservatism.

3. Word: Succour (सहायता)

  • Pronunciation: suhk-er/सकर
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning: 

         a. assistance and support in times of hardship and distress. [Noun]

         b. give assistance or aid to. [Verb]

  • Synonyms: support, relief, assist
  • Antonyms: harshness, agony
  • Use in a Sentence: They give succour to the victims of war.

4. Word: Vulnerable (अतिसंवेदनशील)

  • Pronunciation: vuhl-ner-uh-buh l/वल्नरबल
  • Part of Speech: Adjective 
  • Meaning: 

        a. (of a person) in need of special care, support, or protection because of age, disability, or risk of abuse or neglect.

        b. exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally.

  • Synonyms: unprotected, insecure
  • Antonyms: secure, guarded
  • Use in Sentence: Old people are particularly vulnerable members of our society.

5. Word: Maverick (पर्यटक)

  • Pronunciation: mav-er-ik/मैव्रिक
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: an unorthodox or independent-minded person.
  • Synonyms: dissident, eccentric
  • Antonyms: perfectionist, conventional
  • Use in a Sentence: He was too much of a maverick ever to hold high office.

6. Word: Dexterity (कौशल)

  • Pronunciation: dek-ster-i-tee/ डेक्स्टेरिटी
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: skill in performing tasks, especially with hands.
  • Synonyms: skill, adroitness, ability
  • Antonyms: clumsiness, inability, incapacity
  • Usage in a sentence: His manual dexterity and fine spatial skills were wasted on routine tasks.

7. Word: Divisive (विभाजनात्मक)

  • Pronunciation: dih-vahy-siv/ डिवाइसिव 
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: tending to cause disagreement or hostility between people.
  • Synonyms: dividing, splitting, disruptive, inharmonious
  • Antonym: unifying
  • Usage in a Sentence: The divisive issue has divided families and friends, but demonstrations had largely been peaceful until this week

8. Word: Exaggeration (अतिशयोक्ति)

  • Pronunciation: ig-zaj-uh-rey-shuh n/ इग्ज़ैजरेशन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a statement that represents something as better or worse than it really is
  • Synonyms: overstatement, distortion
  • Antonyms: understatement, honesty, reduction
  • Usage in a Sentence: There was a degree of exaggeration in his description of events.

9. Word: Dissent (असम्मत होना/ असम्मति)

  • Pronunciation: dih-sent/डिसेन्ट
  • Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
  • Meaning:a. hold or express opinions that are at variance with those commonly or officially held. [Verb]
    b. the holding or expression of opinions at variance with those commonly or officially held. [Noun]
  • Synonyms: conflict, disagree, protest
  • Antonyms: agree, assent, agreement
  • Usage in a sentence: Voices of dissent began to rise against the bombing.

10. Word: Spur (प्रेरित करना)


  • Pronunciation: spur/ स्पर
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning: 

    a. a thing that prompts or encourages someone; an incentive. [Noun]

    b. give an incentive or encouragement to (someone). [Verb]
  • Synonyms: urge, encourage, motivate
  • Antonyms: discourage, hindrance, obstacle
  • Usage in a Sentence: On the spur of the moment, we all decided to hold a dance party.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.


SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

Dexterity

urge

2

Divisive

conflict

3

Exaggeration

overstatement

4

Dissent

dividing

5

Spur

skill

1. Word: Bonhomie (मिलनसारिता)

  • Pronunciation: bon-uh-mee/ बानमी
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: cheerful friendliness; geniality.
  • Synonyms: affability, amiability, sociability
  • Antonyms: aloofness, coldness, ferocity
  • Usage in Sentence: There was a casual bonhomie between the actors at rehearsals.

2. Word: Turbulence  (अशांति)

  • Pronunciation: tur-byuh-luh ns/ टर्ब्युलन्स
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a state of conflict or confusion.
  • Synonyms: disturbance, agitation, turmoil 
  • Antonyms: calmness, serenity, tranquillity
  • Use in a Sentence: Yesterday, I had a very smooth journey with no turbulence at all.

3. Word: Protracted (दीर्घ/ विलंब करना)

  • Pronunciation: proh-trakt-ed/ प्रोट्रैक्टिड
  • Part of Speech: Adjective, Verb
  • Meaning:a. lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual. [Adjective]
    b. prolonged. [Verb]
  • Synonyms: extended, lengthy
  • Antonyms: fast, abrupt
  • Usage in a sentence: Prolonged exposure to the sun can cause skin cancer.

4. Word: Slew (अधिक संख्या)

  • Pronunciation: 
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a large number or quantity of something
  • Synonyms: oodles, heap, plurality, many, multitude, lot
  • Antonyms: handful, smattering, deficiency, dearth
  • Use in a Sentence: Dipak Misra sworn in as chief justice of India, inherited a slew of challenges.

5. Word: Spook (डराना)

  • Pronunciation: spook/ स्पूक
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: frighten; unnerve
  • Synonyms: frighten, scare, startle, alarm
  • Antonyms: relax, calm, comfort, delight, please, soothe
  • Usage in a Sentence: The little girl was spooked by scary masks.

6. Word: Explicitly (स्पष्टतया)

  • Pronunciation: ik-splis-it-ly/इक्स्प्लिसिट्ली
  • Part of Speech: Adverb
  • Meaning: in a clear and detailed manner, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.
  • Synonyms: definitely, specifically
  • Antonyms: implicitly, presumably
  • Use in a Sentence: These facts were nowhere explicitly stated.

7. Word: Pluralist (बहुलतावादी)

  • Pronunciation: ploo r-uh-lizt/ प्लुरालिस्ट
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
  • Meaning: 
    a. an advocate of a system in which two or more states, groups, principles, sources of authority, etc., coexist. (Noun)
    b. relating to or advocating a system in which two or more states, groups, principles, sources of authority, etc., coexist. (Adjective)
  • Synonyms: multi-party, diverse, multiplicity 
  • Usage in a Sentence: A pluralist society allows its members to freely express their beliefs.

8. Word: Peg (स्थिर रखना)

  • Pronunciation: peg/ पेग
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: fix, secure, or mark with a peg or pegs.
  • Synonyms: pin, nail, fasten, secure
  • Antonyms: detach, unfasten, glance
  • Usage in a Sentence: I'll peg out the clothes before I go to work.

9. Word: Integrate (एकीकृत)

  • Pronunciation: in·​te·​grate/ इन्टग्रेट
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: combine (one thing) with another to form a whole
  • Synonyms: accommodate, blend
  • Antonyms: disarrange, disperse
  • Usage in a Sentence: The data administrator is going to integrate the databases so we can work in one system instead of two.

10. Word: Substantive (विशेष्य/ मूलभूत)


  • Pronunciation: suhb-stuh n-tiv/ सब्स्टन्टिव
  • Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
  • Meaning: a. having a separate and independent existence. (Adjective)
    b. a noun. (Noun)
  • Synonyms: substantial, material, significant, essential
  • Antonyms: worldly, inessential
  • Usage in a sentence: The report concluded that no substantive changes were necessary.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.


SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

explicitly

material

2

pluralist

accommodate

3

peg

overstatement

4

integrate

definitely

5

substantive

pin

1. Word: Turmoil (खलबली)

  • Pronunciation: tur-moil/टर्मॉइल
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty.      
  • Synonyms: disorder, clutter, chaos, mess
  • Antonyms: calm, peace, structure
  • Use in a Sentence: His mind was in a state of constant turmoil.

2. Word: Sanctity (पवित्रता)

  • Pronunciation: sangk-ti-tee/सैंगक्टिटी
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: 
    a. the state or quality of being holy, sacred, or saintly.

        b. ultimate importance and inviolability.

  • Synonyms: sacredness, divinity
  • Antonyms: vileness, impureness
  • Use in a Sentence: Numerous miracles were proof of his sanctity.


3. Word: Wrath (प्रचण्ड क्रोध)

  • Pronunciation: rath/ रैथ
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: extreme anger
  • Synonyms: rage, anger, fury, outrage
  • Antonyms: happiness, calmness, peace, delight
  • Usage in a Sentence: Jane braved the wrath of her parents by refusing to marry the man they had chosen.

4. Word: Plea (निमित्त)

  • Pronunciation: plee/प्ली
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a request made in an urgent and emotional manner.
  • Synonyms: appeal, entreaty
  • Antonyms: command, instruction
  • Use in a Sentence: The man-made no plea for relief.

5. Word: Predicament (दुर्दशा)

  • Pronunciation: pri-dik-uh-muh nt/प्रीडिकमन्ट
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation.
  • Synonyms: dilemma, quandary, crisis
  • Antonyms: benefit, advantage, agreement
  • Use in a Sentence: Many aspirants find themselves in the predicament of not being able to afford to coach.

6. Word: Obviate (निवारण करना)

  • Pronunciation: ob-vee-eyt/आब्वीऐट
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: remove (a need or difficulty), avoid or prevent (something undesirable).
  • Synonyms:  prevent, remove, eliminate
  • Antonyms: permit, involve, foster
  • Use in a Sentence: The data provided are more appropriate to obviate this need.

7. Word: Contingency (आकस्मिक घटना)

  • Pronunciation: kuhn-tin-juhn-see / कन्टिन्जन्सी
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a future event or circumstance which is possible but cannot be predicted with certainty.
  • Synonyms: emergency, incident, chance
  • Antonyms: certainty, reality, truth
  • Usage in a sentence: Mike had talked about contingency plans for the catastrophe.

8. Word: Cascading (व्यापक) 

  • Pronunciation: Kas-Kade-ing
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: fall or hang in copious quantities
  • Synonyms: descend, spew 
  • Usage in Sentence:  It was cascading rain and freezing cold.

9. Word: Staggered (adjective)

  • Pronunciation: es-tagger-ed
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: to cause to waver or doubt
  • Synonyms: astonished, surprised, shocked.
  • Antonyms: steady, unaffected
  • Usage in Sentence: I was staggered by the unexpected phone call.

10. Word: Spectrum (तरंग )

  • Pronunciation: spec·​trum/स्पेक्ट्रम
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: used to classify something in terms of its position on a scale between two extreme points
  • Synonyms: range, scope
  • Usage in Sentence: The survey provided the company with a wide spectrum of feedback on its products. 

Exercise 2: Match the columns.

SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

Obviate

Range

2

Contingency

Astonished

3

Cascading

Descend

4

Staggered

Incident

5

Spectrum

Prevent

1. Word: Feeble (कमज़ोर)

  • Pronunciation: fee-buh l/फीबल
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: 

        a. lacking physical strength, especially as a result of age or illness.

        b. lacking the strength of character.

  • Synonyms: debilitated, weak, frail
  • Antonyms: strong, powerful, healthy
  • Use in a Sentence: We generally feel feeble when we are ill.

2. Word: Writ (आज्ञापत्र)

  • Pronunciation: rit/रिट
  • Part of speech:(noun) 
  • Meaning - a form of written command in the name of a court or other legal authority to act, or abstain from acting, in a particular way/the power to enforce submission and compliance
  • Synonyms -:  summons, subpoena, warrant, arraignment, indictment
  • Example - Enforcing justice is something beyond the writ of the average citizen, which is why they are not allowed to take the law into their own hands.

3. Word: Insurgent (विद्रोही/बागी)

  • Pronunciation: in-sur-juhnt/ इन्सर्जन्ट
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
  • Meaning: a. a person fighting against a government or invading force; a rebel or revolutionary. [Noun]
    b. rising in active revolt. [Adjective]
  • Synonyms: rebel, recusant, revolutionary
  • Antonyms: obedient, loyal, loyalist
  • Usage in a sentence: It was also a fight to consolidate his position within the insurgent.

4. Word: Legitimate (न्याय्य करना)

  • Pronunciation: li-jit-uh-mit/लिजिटमेट
  • Part of Speech: Adjective, Verb
  • Meaning:

    a. conforming to the law or to rules. [Adjective]

    b. able to be defended with logic or justification; valid. [Adjective]

    c. make lawful or justify.[Verb]

  • Synonyms: legal, valid
  • Antonyms: illegal, invalid
  • Use in a Sentence: It seemed a perfectly legitimate question.

5. Word: Chronic (दीर्घकालीन)

  • Pronunciation: kron-ik/क्रानिक
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: 
    a. (of an illness) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.

        b. of very poor quality.

  • Synonyms: persistent, long-standing, long-term, lasting
  • Antonyms: curable, temporary, delicate, docile
  • Use in a Sentence: Iron deficiency anaemia is commonly caused by chronic blood loss.

6. Word: Resurgent (फिर से बढ़ने वाला/ पुनरुत्थानशील)

  • Pronunciation: ri-sur-juh nt/ रिसर्जन्ट
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: increasing or reviving after a period of little activity, popularity, or occurrence.
  • Synonyms: reborn, re-emergence
  • Antonyms: unrevived, unrenewed
  • Usage in a sentence: Many people were critical of the resurgent militarism in the country.

7. Word: Extremist (चरमपंथी)

  • Pronunciation: ik-stree-mist/ इक्स्ट्रीमिस्ट
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a person who holds extreme political or religious views, especially one who advocates illegal, violent, or other extreme action.
  • Synonyms: radical, fanatic, immoderate, militant
  • Antonyms: moderate, conventional, conservative
  • Usage in Sentence: The extremist group was banned from the event because their radical and racist views do not line up with the agenda.

8. Word:  déjà vu (पुर्वानुभव)

  • Pronunciation: डेश़ा व्यू
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a feeling of having already experienced the present situation.
  • Synonyms: Bubble, fancy
  • Usage in Sentence: When the car broke down again, it was déjà vu.

9. Word: War-torn (युद्ध से ध्वस्त)

  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: (of a place) racked or devastated by war.
  • Synonyms: Destroyed, fight
  • Antonyms: Preserved
  • Usage in Sentence: She spent two months in the war-torn city.

10. Word: Writ (आज्ञापत्र)

  • Pronunciation: rit/रिट
  • Part of speech: noun 
  • Meaning - a form of written command in the name of a court or other legal authority to act, or abstain from acting, in a particular way/the power to enforce submission and compliance
  • Synonyms -:  summons, subpoena, warrant, arraignment, indictment
  • Example - Enforcing justice is something beyond the writ of the average citizen, which is why they are not allowed to take the law into their own hands.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.

SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

Resurgent

warrant

2

Extremist

Destroyed

3

déjà vu

Bubble

4

War-torn

radical

5

Writ

reborn

1. Word: Leash (नियंत्रण)

  • Pronunciation: leesh/ लीश
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. a restraint (Noun)
    b. restrain (Verb)
  • Synonyms: control, restraint, check, curb, suppress, chain
  • Antonyms: release, unlace, unleash, emancipate
  • Usage in a Sentence: I managed to hold my anger in leash until she had gone.

2. Word: Conceive (विचार करना, गर्भ धारण करना)

  • Pronunciation: kuh n-seev/ कन्सीव
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: a. create (an embryo) by fertilizing an egg. 
    b. form or devise (a plan or idea) in the mind.
    c. form a mental representation of; imagine.
    d. become affected by (a feeling).
  • Synonyms: devise, create, invent, invent, imagine, design
  • Antonyms: destroy, distrust, doubt, disbelieve, misapprehend
  • Usage in a sentence: He couldn't conceive of a time when he would have no job.

3. Word: Subsequent (आगामी)

  • Pronunciation: suhb-si-kwuh nt/सब्सीक्वन्ट
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: coming after something in time; following.
  • Synonyms: following, consequent
  • Antonyms: prior, foregoing
  • Use in a Sentence: The story will be continued in subsequent parts of the series.

4. Word: Peg (स्थिर रखना)

  • Pronunciation: peg/ पेग
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: fix, secure, or mark with a peg or pegs.
  • Synonyms: pin, nail, fasten, secure
  • Antonyms: detach, unfasten, glance
  • Usage in a Sentence: I'll peg out the clothes before I go to work.

5. Word: Laxity (ढीलापन)

  • Pronunciation: lak-si-tee/लैक्सिटी
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning:

       a. lack of strictness or care.

  • Synonyms: negligence, indifference
  • Antonyms: caution, vigilance
  • Use in a Sentence: The company must maintain strict discipline and allow no laxity.

6. Word: Plethora (बहुलता)

  • Pronunciation: pleth-er-uh/ प्लथॉर
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a large or excessive amount of something.
  • Synonyms: superabundance, surplus, plenty
  • Antonyms: scarcity, dearth, shortage
  • Usage in a Sentence: The forensic report contains a plethora of detail.

7. Word: Juncture (संयोजन)

  • Pronunciation: juhngk-cher/जंगक्चर
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning:

       a. a particular point in events or time.

  • Synonyms: moment, occasion
  • Antonyms: division, partition
  • Use in a Sentence: At this juncture, I would like to make an important announcement.

8. Word: Impinge (अतिक्रमण करना)

  • Pronunciation: im-pinj/ इम्पिन्ज
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. have an effect, especially a negative one.
    b. advance over an area belonging to someone or something else; encroach.
  • Synonyms: encroach, infringe, impact, impact, intrude
  • Antonyms: dodge, avoid
  • Usage in a Sentence: You are free to pursue all the things that make you happy as long as you do not impinge on the freedoms of others during your pursuit.

9. Word: Revival (पुन:प्रवर्तन)

  • Pronunciation: ri-vahy-vuh l/ रिवाइवल
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning:  
    a. an improvement in the condition, strength, or fortunes of someone or something.
    b. an instance of something becoming popular, active, or important again.
  • Synonyms: recovery, renewal, resurrection, restoration, regeneration
  • Antonyms: suppression, destruction, recession, annulment
  • Usage in a sentence: The period saw a great revival in the wine trade.

10. Word: Thriving (उन्नतिशील)


  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Pronunciation: thrahyv-ing/थ्राइविंग
  • Meaning: prosperous and growing; flourishing.
  • Synonyms: affluent, wealthy
  • Antonyms: moribund, declining
  • Use in a Sentence: The man runs a thriving grocery business.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.


SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

leash

following

2

conceive

control

3

Subsequent

fasten

4

peg

create

5

laxity

negligence

1. Word: Plenary (परिपूर्ण)

  • Pronunciation: plee-nuh-ree/ प्लीनरी
  • Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
  • Meaning: 
    a. unqualified; absolute. (Adjective)
    b. (of a meeting) to be attended by all participants at a conference or assembly, who otherwise meet in smaller groups. (Adjective)
    c. a meeting or session attended by all participants at a conference or assembly. (Noun)
  • Synonyms: full, entire, total, absolute
  • Antonyms: partial, incomplete, restricted, abridged
  • Usage in a Sentence: A plenary meeting of the 500 members was held last summer.

2. Word: Prosecution (अनुसरण)

  • Pronunciation: pros-i-kyoo-shuh n/ प्रासक्यूशन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: 
    a. the institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge.
    b. the party instituting or conducting legal proceedings against someone in a lawsuit.
    c. the continuation of a course of action with a view to its completion.
  • Synonyms: litigation, judicial proceedings, lawsuit
  • Antonyms: defense, hiatus, denial
  • Usage in a Sentence: There has been an increase in prosecutions for gun-related crimes.

3. Word: Sanction (अनुमोदन)

  • Pronunciation: sangk-shuhn/ सैंगक्शन 
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. a threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule. (Noun)
    b. official permission or approval for an action. (Noun)
    c. give official permission or approval for (an action). (Verb)
  • Synonyms: approve, endorse, support
  • Antonyms: disapprove, refuse, forbid
  • Usage in a sentence: The church refused to sanction the king's second marriage.

4. Word: Flout (अवज्ञा)

  • Pronunciation: flout/ फ्लाउट
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: openly disregard (a rule, law, or convention)
  • Synonyms: defy, mock, disregard, deride, despise
  • Antonyms: respect, comply, acknowledge, obey
  • Usage in a Sentence: Despite repeated warnings, they have continued to flout the law.

5. Word: Comply (पालन करना)

  • Pronunciation: kuhm-plahy/ कम्प्लाइ
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: act in accordance with a wish or command.
  • Synonyms: obey, conform, agree
  • Antonyms: disobey, challenge, refuse
  • Usage in a sentence: Failure to comply with the regulations will result in prosecution.

6. Word: Consensus (मतैक्य)

  • Pronunciation: kuh n-sen-suh s/ कन्सेन्सस
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a general agreement.
  • Synonyms: agreement, consent, unity, unanimity, accord
  • Antonyms: disagreement, argument, conflict, discord
  • Usage in a Sentence: Everyone on the council seems to understand the need for consensus.

7. Word: Punitive (दंडात्मक)

  • Pronunciation: pyoo-ni-tiv/ प्यूनिटिव 
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: a. inflicting or intended as punishment.
    b. (of a tax or other charge) extremely high.
  • Synonyms: harsh, disciplinary, penal, corrective
  • Antonyms: rewarding, beneficial, compensatory
  • Usage in a Sentence: The government is expected to take punitive steps against the offenders.

8. Word: Conviction (अपराधी ठहराना)

  • Pronunciation: kuhn-vik-shuhn / कन्विक्शन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: 
    a. a formal declaration by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law that someone is guilty of a criminal offence.
    b. a firmly held belief or opinion.
    c. the quality of showing that one is firmly convinced of what one believes or says.
  • Synonyms: sentence, judgement, belief, opinion, view, certainty, assurance
  • Antonyms: acquittal, amnesty, uncertainty
  • Usage in a sentence: a. She appealed unsuccessfully against her conviction for murder.
    b. Certainly, the basis of our democracy is the conviction of the worth of the individual.

9. Word: Scrutiny (छान-बीन)

  • Pronunciation: skroot-n-ee/ स्क्रूटनी
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: critical observation or examination
  • Synonyms: investigation, review
  • Antonyms: disregard, neglect
  • Usage in Sentence: Their enterprises have come under police scrutiny.

10. Word: Pledge (संकल्प)


  • Pronunciation: plej/ प्लेज
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. a solemn promise or undertaking. (Noun)
    b. a thing that is given as security for the fulfilment of a contract or the payment of a debt and is liable to forfeiture in the event of failure. (Noun)
    c. commit (a person or organization) by a solemn promise. (Verb)
  • Synonyms: promise, guarantee, swear, oath, commitment
  • Antonyms: break, cancel, expiate, abort
  • Usage in a sentence: 
    a. To make a pledge or donation, please call the charity's office. (Noun)
    b. Her family pledged $100,000 toward the construction of a new school. (Verb)

1. Word: Contentious (कलहप्रिय)

  • Pronunciation: kuh n-ten-shuh s/कन्टेन्शस
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: 

        a. causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.

        b. involving a heated argument.

  • Synonyms: quarrelsome, combative, belligerent
  • Antonyms: pacifist, friendly, amicable
  • Use in a Sentence: She has some contentious opinions on education.

2. Word: Discourse (तर्क)

  • Pronunciation: dis-kohrs/ डिस्कोर्स
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning:a. written or spoken communication or debate. [Noun]
    b. speak or write authoritatively about a topic. [Verb]
  • Synonyms: talk, lecture, speech, discussion
  • Antonyms: silence, quiet
  • Usage in a sentence: He was able to discourse at great length on the problems of education.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.

SR No.

Word

Antonym

1

Pledge

Comply

2

Scrutiny

Forbid

3

Flout

Abort

4

Comply

Disobey

5

Sanction

Disregard

1. Word: Wielding (चलानेवाले)

  • Pronunciation: 
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning - have and be able to use (power or influence)
  • Synonyms - apply, handle
  • Antonyms - ignore, misuse
  • Example - How long shall they wield unlawful power.

2. Word: Woefully (उदासी से)

  • Part of Speech: Adverb
  • Meaning:

        a) in a manner expressing sorrow or misery.

        b) very badly; deplorably.

  • Pronunciation: woh-fuhl -ly/वोफली
  • Synonyms: unfortunately, sadly, distressfully
  • Antonyms: cheerfully, admirably, blissfully
  • Use in a Sentence: The preparations were woefully inadequate.

3. Word: Outrageously (खराब ढंग से)

  • Pronunciation: out-rey-juh s-lee/आउट्रैजस्ली
  • Part of Speech: Adverb
  • Meaning:

       a. in a shockingly bad or excessive way.

       b. in a very bold and slightly shocking way.

  • Synonyms: shamefully, awfully, extravagantly
  • Antonyms: acceptably, normally, calmly, intact
  • Use in a Sentence: The man behaved outrageously in the party.

4. Word: Partisan (कट्टर)

  • Pronunciation: pahr-tuh-zuhn/पार्टिज़न
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
  • Meaning:

       a. a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person. [Noun]

       b. prejudiced in favour of a particular cause. [Adjective]

  • Synonyms: supporter, biased
  • Antonyms: opponent, unbiased
  • Use in a Sentence: You must listen to both points of view and try not to be partisan.

5. Word: Arson (आगजनी)

  • Pronunciation: ahr-suh n/आर्सन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: the criminal act of deliberately setting fire to property.
  • Synonyms: fire-raising, ignition, crime
  • Antonyms: fire-proof, drain
  • Use in a Sentence: The village was destroyed in an arson attack.

6. Word: Unleash (उन्मुक्त करना)

  • Pronunciation: uhn-leesh/अन्लीश
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: cause (a strong or violent force) to be released or become unrestrained.
  • Synonyms: release, liberate, extricate
  • Antonyms: restrain, control, inhibit
  • Use in a Sentence: The result will unleash the raging demands for her resignation.

7. Word: Incitement (उत्तेजना)

  • Pronunciation: in-sahyt-muh nt/ इन्साइट्मन्ट
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: the action of provoking unlawful behaviour or urging someone to behave unlawfully.
  • Synonyms: provocation, stimulus, incentive, incitation, impulse
  • Antonyms: hindrance, deterrence, impediment
  • Usage in a sentence: The rock band's failure to show up incited a riot, as the crowd had waited for hours.

8. Word: Polarisation (ध्रुवीकरण)

  • Pronunciation: poh-ler-uh-zey-shuh n/ पोलरिज़ेशन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: division into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs.
  • Synonyms: division, discord, opposition
  • Antonyms: reunion, coexistence, convergence
  • Usage in a Sentence: Political polarisation in industrialised countries has fuelled a resurgence of fiscal conservatism.

9. Word: Cauldron (कड़ाह)

  • Pronunciation: kawl-druh n/ कॉल्ड्रन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: 
    a. a large metal pot with a lid and handle, used for cooking over an open fire.
    b. a situation characterized by instability and strong emotions.
  • Synonyms: kettle, boiler, pot, vessel
  • Usage in a Sentence: Does human nature undergo a true change in the cauldron of totalitarian violence?

10. Word: Cue (अनुसंकेत)

  • Pronunciation: kyoo/ क्यू
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. a thing said or done that serves as a signal to an actor or another performer to enter or to begin their speech or performance. (Noun)
    b. a signal for action. (Noun)
    c. give a cue to or for. (Verb)
    d. act as a prompt or reminder. (Verb)
  • Synonyms: prompt, hint, signal, clue, suggestion
  • Antonym: contraindication
  • Usage in a Sentence: Her husband took the cue, and said that it was time for them to leave.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.


SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

Unleash

release

2

incitement

provocation

3

polarisation

prompt

4

cauldron

boiler

5

cue

discord

1. Word: Anguish (संताप)

  • Pronunciation: ang-gwish/ ऐंगग्विश
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. severe mental or physical pain or suffering. (Noun)
    b. be extremely distressed about something. (Verb)
  • Synonyms: distress, misery, agony, torment, suffering
  • Antonyms: joy, happiness, comfort, cheer
  • Usage in a Sentence: He suffered the anguish of watching his son go to prison.

2. Word: Pursuant (के आधार पर/ अनुरूप)

  • Pronunciation: per-soo-uh nt / पर्सूअन्ट
  • Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
  • Meaning:a. in accordance with (a law or a legal document or resolution). [Adverb]
    b. following; going in pursuit. [Adjective]
  • Synonyms: according, by virtue of
  • Antonyms: conflicting, inconsistent
  • Usage in a sentence: A complaint was made pursuant to section 13 of the Act of 1987.

3. Word: Erode (नष्ट करना)

  • Pronunciation: ih-rohd/ईरोड
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning:

        a. gradually destroy or be gradually destroyed.

  • Synonyms: corrode, decay
  • Antonyms: construct, accentuate
  • Use in a Sentence: A bad justification will erode closeness.

4. Word: Dislodge (निकाल देना)

  • Pronunciation: dis-loj/ डिस्लाज
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: knock or force out of position.
  • Synonyms: remove, displace, unseat
  • Antonyms: lodge, place
  • Usage in a sentence: They needed a bulldozer to dislodge the rock.

5. Word: Litigant (मुक़दमेबाज़)

  • Pronunciation: lit-i-guh nt/ लिटिगन्ट
  • Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
  • Meaning: 
    a. a person involved in a lawsuit.
    b. involved in a lawsuit.
  • Synonyms: litigator, appellant, opponent, contestant, contender
  • Antonym: defendant
  • Usage in a Sentence: His fate would be no different from that of a conventional legally aided litigant in modern times.

6. Word: Dispensation (वितरण)

  • Pronunciation: dis-puh n-sey-shuh n/डिस्पन्सैशन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: 

         a. exemption from a rule or usual requirement.

         b. a political, religious, or social system prevailing at a particular time.

  • Synonyms: liberty, distribution
  • Antonyms: denial, limitation
  • Use in Sentence: They saw signs of new dispensation everywhere.

7. Word: Confer (प्रदान करना)

  • Pronunciation: kuh n-fur/ कन्फर
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: a. grant (a title, degree, benefit, or right).
    b. have discussions; exchange opinions.
  • Synonyms: accord, bestow
  • Antonyms: deprive, disclaim
  • Usage in a Sentence: He wanted to confer with his colleagues before reaching a decision.

8. Word: Crony (घनिष्ठ मित्र)

  • Pronunciation: kroh-nee/क्रोनी
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a close friend or companion.
  • Synonyms: buddy, associate
  • Antonyms: challenger, opponent
  • Use in a Sentence: The man was playing games with his cronies.

9. Word: Collegium (अधिशासी मंडल)

  • Pronunciation: kuh-lee-jee-uh m/ कलीजीअम
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: an organization for people who have similar interests or who do similar work, especially in a university.
  • Synonyms: panel, bench
  • Usage in a sentence: This collegium continued to exist till the time of Alaric.

10. Word: Mere (एकमात्र)


  • Pronunciation: meer/मीर
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Meaning: used to emphasize how small or insignificant someone or something is.
  • Synonyms: sheer, scant, utter
  • Antonyms: powerful, blighted
  • Use in a Sentence: It was certainly more to than this mere opportunism.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.


SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

dispensation

scant

2

confer

accord

3

Crony

associate

4

Mere

bench

5

collegium

distribution

1. Word: Deceleration (गति में कमी)

  • Pronunciation: dee-sel-uh-re-sion/डिसेलरैशन
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: reduction in speed or rate.
  • Synonyms: retardation, delay, tardiness
  • Antonyms: acceleration, quickness, rapidity
  • Use in a Sentence: The rate of deceleration is enormous and demands quick action.

2. Word: Aversion (विरक्ति)

  • Pronunciation: uh-vur-zhuh n/अवर्श़न
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a strong dislike or disinclination.
  • Synonyms: antipathy, hatred
  • Antonyms: desire, alacrity
  • Use in a Sentence: Many people have a natural and emotional aversion to insects.

3. Word: Slew (अधिक संख्या)

  • Pronunciation: 
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: a large number or quantity of something
  • Synonyms: oodles, heap, plurality, many, multitude, lot
  • Antonyms: handful, smattering, deficiency, dearth
  • Use in a Sentence: Dipak Misra sworn in as chief justice of India, inherited a slew of challenges.

4. Word of the day: Infusion (संचार)

  • Pronunciation: in-fyoo-zhuh n/इन्फ्यूश़न
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: the introduction of a new element or quality into something.
  • Synonyms: extract, blend
  • Antonyms: exclusion, deletion
  • Use in a Sentence: She brought a tremendous infusion of support to the people.

5. Word: Prudence (क्रियात्मक बुद्धि)

  • Pronunciation: prood-ns/प्रूडन्स
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning:

       a. the quality of being prudent; cautiousness.

  • Synonyms: wisdom, judgement, shrewdness, advisability, common sense
  • Antonyms: rashness, insanity, 
  • Use in a Sentence: One can rely on the prudence of his decisions.

6. Word: Stance (अवस्थिति)

  • Pronunciation: stans/स्टैन्स
  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Meaning: 

        a. the way in which someone stands, especially when deliberately adopted (as in cricket, golf, and other sports); a person's posture.

  • Synonyms: standpoint, attitude, bearing
  • Antonyms: unsteadiness, inaction
  • Use in a Sentence: The man maintains a rigidly right-wing political stance.

7. Word: Cede (त्याग करना)

  • Pronunciation: seed/सीड
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: give up (power or territory).
  • Synonyms: yield, surrender, relinquish
  • Antonyms: defend, refrain, arrogate
  • Use in a Sentence: The General had decided to cede power by this month.

8. Word: Adhere (समर्थन करना, चिपकना)

  • Pronunciation: ad-heer/ ऐड्हीर
  • Part of Speech: Verb
  • Meaning: 
    a. stick fast to (a surface or substance).
    b. closely follow, observe, or represent.
  • Synonyms: accede, observe, hold, meet
  • Antonyms: abandon, abandon, vacillate
  • Usage in a Sentence: Once in the bloodstream, the bacteria adhere to the surface of the red cells.

9. Word: Slump (भारी गिरावट आना)

  • Part of Speech: Noun
  • Pronunciation: sluhmp/स्लम्प
  • Meaning: a sudden severe or prolonged fall in the price, value, or amount of something.
  • Synonyms: drop, decline
  • Antonyms: surge, boon
  • Use in a Sentence: If prices slump further, the farmers will starve.

10. Word: Prolonged (दीर्घकालीन)


  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Pronunciation: Pro-long-ed
  • Meaning - continuing for a long time or longer than usual, lengthy.
  • Synonyms - continued, delayed
  • Antonyms - shortened
  • Example - They prolonged their visit by a few days.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.


SR No.

Word

Synonym

1

prudence

drop

2

stance

accede

3

cede

yield

4

adhere

judgement

5

Slump

standpoint



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Computer Aptitude Part -1

Chapter – 1 Basic Computer                                   History History of Computer - Before the invention of Computer, Calculator was introduced. Main difference between Calculator and Computer is that Computer can do logical operations and calculators can’t do logical operations. ABACUS - Abacus was developed in china in 2600 B.C by some Chinese people. The Word Abacus means calculating board. This apparatus used a series of moveable beads or rocks. The positions changed to enter a number and again to perform mathematical operations. The abacus, also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool used for performing arithmetic processes. It is made of a beads or stones placed in grooves or strung on rods. Abacus is a Latin word that has its origins in the Greek words abax or abakon (meaning "table" or "tablet"). Leonardo DaVinci was credited with the invention of the world’s first mechanical cal...
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Phrasal Verb Part -1

Classy Study Point Phrasal Verb,  Definition and Exampl A act up -behave or function improperly  I think I need to take my car to the mechanic because it's acting up again. add * up - calculate a sum   I added up the receipts and it totaled $135.46. add up to -equal an amount The total expenses added up to $325.00. add up make sense Her story doesn't add up.  I think she is lying. ask * out+ -invite on a date  I can't believe that Joe finally asked me out on a date! ask * over + - invite to one's home  Why don't we ask the Johnson over for dinner? B back down - stop defending  your opinion in a debate Jane never backs down. She always wins arguments. back out - not keep (a promise, agreement,deal) Sam backed out at the last second. back out of+- not keep (a promise, agreement, deal)  Sam backed out of the agreement at the last second. back * up + - give support  You need examples to back up your opinion. back up - move backwards, reverse...
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