Vocab Part 1

1. Word: Precipice (संकट)

• Pronunciation: pres-uh-pis/प्रेसपिस
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: a. a cliff with a vertical, nearly vertical, or overhanging face
  b. a situation of great peril
• Synonyms: cliff, crag, palisade, brink
• Antonyms: plateau, slope, low risk
• Usage in a sentence: This latest tax increase may push many small companies over the financial precipice.

2. Word: Ratify (अभिपुष्टि करना)

• Pronunciation: rat-uh-fahy/रैटफाइ
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning:
  a. to confirm by expressing consent, approval, or formal sanction
  b. to confirm (something done or arranged by an agent or by representatives) by such action
• Synonyms: approve, endorse, confirm, validate
• Antonyms: abolish, deny, reject, disapprove
• Usage in a sentence: Many countries have now ratified the UN convention on the rights of the child.

 3. Word: Snowballed (तेज़ी से गंभीर हो जाना)

• Pronunciation: snoh-bawl/स्नोबॉल
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. a ball of snow pressed or rolled together, as for throwing (Noun)
  b. to cause to grow or become larger, greater, more intense, etc., at an accelerating rate (Verb)
  c. to grow or become larger, greater, more intense, etc., at an accelerating rate (Verb)
• Synonyms: expand, multiply, enlarge, swell
• Antonyms: decrease, decline, recede, dwindle
• Usage in a sentence: Public support for military action has snowballed.

4. Word: Flinch (पीछे हटना)

• Pronunciation: flinch/फ्लिन्च
• Part of Speech: 
• Meaning: Verb
  a. to make a sudden, small movement because of pain or fear
  to draw back or shrink, as from what is dangerous, difficult, or unpleasant
  c. to shrink under pain; wince
• Synonyms: wince, recoil, shrink, quail 
• Antonyms: power through, confront, face
• Usage in a sentence: He didn't even flinch when the nurse cleaned the wound.

5. Word: Blockade (अवरोध करना)

• Pronunciation: blo-keyd/ब्लाकेड
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning:
  a. the situation in which a country or place is surrounded by soldiers or ships to stop people or goods from going in or out (Noun)
  b. the act of using force or the threat of force to stop the movement of people or goods into or out of a country or area, or the people or objects used to prevent such movement (Noun)
  c. to prevent goods or people entering or leaving a place, especially as a way of showing disagreement with a government or large organization (Verb)
• Synonyms: block, barricade, siege, obstruct
• Antonyms: access, opening, open policy
• Usage in a sentence: Protesters are threatening to blockade refineries if the Government does not lower the tax on fuel.

6. Word: Alacrity (तत्परता)

• Pronunciation: uh-lak-ri-tee/अलैक्रिटी
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
  a. speed and eagerness
• Synonyms: willingness, readiness, promptitude
• Antonyms: laziness, reluctance, apathy
• Usage in a sentence: She accepted the money with alacrity.

7. Word: Behest (आदेश)

• Pronunciation: bih-hest/बिहेस्ट
• Part of Speech: Noun 
• Meaning:
  a. a command or directive (Noun)
  b. an earnest or strongly worded request (Noun)
• Synonyms: command, mandate, bidding, injunction
• Antonyms: orison, personal choice
• Usage in a sentence: Congress adopted the budget resolution at the behest of the president.

8. Word: Bolster (सहारा देना)

• Pronunciation: bohl-ster/बोल्स्टर
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. a long, often cylindrical, cushion or pillow for a bed, sofa, etc (Noun)
  b. anything resembling this in form or in use as a support (Noun)
  c. any pillow, cushion, or pad (Noun)
  d. to support with or as with a pillow or cushion (Verb)
  e. to add to, support, or uphold (Verb)
• Synonyms: support, strengthen, reinforce, sustain, buttress
• Antonyms: undermine, weaken, prevent, hinder
• Usage in a sentence: More money is needed to bolster the industry.

9. Word: Enrage (क्रोधित करना)

• Pronunciation: en-reyj/एन्रैज
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning:
  a. to cause someone to become very angry
• Synonyms: infuriate, anger, provoke, exasperate
• Antonyms: appease, calm, pacify
• Usage in a sentence: School curriculum changes enraged a number of parents. 

10. Phrase: Villain of the piece (खलनायक)

• Pronunciation: vil-uhn- awf-d-piece/विलन ऑफ़ द पीस 
• Meaning:
  a. someone or something that is seen as being the cause of trouble on a particular occasion
  victim
• Synonyms: criminal, malefactor
• Antonyms: hero, angelb

1. Word: Brink (कगार)

• Pronunciation: bringk/ब्रिंगक
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: a. the edge at the top of a steep place
  b. a bank especially of a river
  c. the point of onset 
  d. the threshold of danger
• Synonyms: edge, verge, brim, border, margin
• Antonyms: center, interior, middle
• Usage in a sentence: Extreme stress had driven him to the brink of a nervous breakdown.

2. Word: Incursion (आकस्मिक हमला)

• Pronunciation: in-kur-zhuhn/इन्कर्श़न
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
  a. a sudden attack on or act of going into a place, especially across a border
  b. a sudden and unwanted entrance to a place or area controlled by others
  c. a running in
  d. a harmful inroad
• Synonyms: invasion, assault, raid, attack
• Antonyms: retreat, defend, peace treaty
• Usage in a sentence: The bandits made brief incursions on the village.

 3. Word: Amass (संग्रह करना)

• Pronunciation: uh-mas/अमैस
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to gather for oneself
  b. to collect into a mass or pile
  c. to come together; assemble
• Synonyms: accumulate, collect, gather, hoard
• Antonyms: disperse, divide, dissipate, scatter
• Usage in a sentence: Some of his colleagues envy the enormous wealth that he has amassed.

4. Word: Partial (आंशिक)

• Pronunciation: pahr-shuhl / पार्शल
• Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
• Meaning:
  a. being such in part only; not total or general; incomplete (Adjective)
  b. biased or prejudiced in favor of a person, group, side, etc., over another, as in a controversy (Adjective)
  c. pertaining to or affecting a part (Adjective)
  d. one part that makes up a complex musical note (Noun)
• Synonyms: incomplete, prejudiced, biased, unfair
• Antonyms: complete, impartial, unprejudiced, just, fair
• Usage in a sentence: There has been a partial restructuring of our HR department.

5. Word: Patrol (पहरा देना/सैन्य-दल)

• Pronunciation: puh-trohl/पट्रोल
• Part of Speech: Verb, Noun 
• Meaning:
  a. (of a police officer, soldier, etc.) to pass along a road, beat, etc., or around or through a specified area in order to maintain order and security (Verb)
  b. to maintain the order and security of (a road, beat, area, etc.) by passing along or through it (verb)
  c. a person or group of persons assigned to patrol an area, road, etc. (Noun)
  d. an automobile, ship, plane, squadron, fleet, etc., assigned to patrol an area (Noun)
  e. (Military) a detachment of two or more persons, often a squad or platoon, detailed for reconnaissance or combat (Noun)
• Synonyms: guard, watch, scout, police
• Antonyms: neglect, ignore, pose a risk
• Usage in a sentence: A security guard with a dog patrols the building site at night.

6. Word: Spur (उसकाना)

• Pronunciation: spur/स्पर
• Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
• Meaning:
  a. to encourage an activity or development or make it happen faster (Verb)
  b. to push spurs into the side of a horse to make it go faster (Verb)
  c. a sharp, wheel-shaped metal object that is attached to the heel of boots worn by people riding horses and is used to encourage the horse to go faster (Noun)
  d. a high piece of land that sticks out from a mountain or a group of mountains (Noun)
  e. something that acts as an encouragement for an activity or development (Noun)
• Synonyms: goad, urge, encourage, incite
• Antonyms: discourage, dissuade, block
• Usage in a sentence: Rising consumer sales have the effect of spurring the economy to faster growth. 

7. Word: Takeaway (निष्कर्ष)

• Pronunciation: teyk-uh-wey/टेकअवे
• Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
• Meaning:
  a. something taken back or away, especially an employee benefit that is eliminated or substantially reduced by the terms of a union contract (Noun)
  b. conclusions, impressions, or action points resulting from a meeting, discussion (Noun)
  c. (British English) a takeout restaurant (Noun)
  d. food from a takeout restaurant (Noun)
  e. the act of getting the puck or ball away from the team on the offense (Noun)
  f. of or relating to what is or can be taken away (Adjective)
• Synonyms: quick meal, impact, analysis
• Usage in a sentence: At the end of the class, the teacher gives us the takeaway points.

8. Word: Enormous (विशाल/दीर्घाकार)

• Pronunciation: ih-nawr-muhs /ईनॉर्मस 
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning:
  a. greatly exceeding the common size, extent, etc.; huge; immense
  b. outrageous or atrocious
• Synonyms: huge, immense, gigantic, colossal
• Antonyms: diminutive, minute, insignificant
• Usage in a sentence: She showed enormous courage when she rescued him from the fire.

9. Word: Dilute (कमज़ोर करना/जलमिश्रित करना)

• Pronunciation: dih-loot/डाइलूट
• Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective
• Meaning:
  a. to make a liquid weaker by mixing in something else (Verb)
  b. to reduce the strength of a feeling, action, etc (Verb)
  c. made weaker by diluting (Adjective)
  d. (Finance) to make a company's shares less valuable by increasing the total number of shares, so that each shareholder gets a smaller part of the profit and owns a smaller percentage of the company than before (Verb)
• Synonyms: weaken, reduce, adulterate
• Antonyms: strengthen, strong, thicken
• Usage in a sentence: These measures are designed to dilute public fears about the product's safety.

10. Word: Frontline (सीमा संबंधी/ महत्त्वपूर्ण)

• Pronunciation: fruhnt lahyn/फ्रन्टलाइन
• Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
• Meaning:
  a. used to describe an employee who deals directly with customers, or who is directly involved in making a product (Adjective)
  b. used to describe a manager whose job involves dealing directly with a group of employees (Adjective)
  c. the military line or part of an army that is closest to the enemy (Noun)
  d. the most important or influential position in a debate or movement (Noun)
• Synonyms: battlefront, first line, forefront, first row
• Usage in a sentence: Tens of thousands of soldiers died on the frontline. 

1. Word: Brink (कगार)

• Pronunciation: bringk/ब्रिंगक
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: a. the edge at the top of a steep place
  b. a bank especially of a river
  c. the point of onset 
  d. the threshold of danger
• Synonyms: edge, verge, brim, border, margin
• Antonyms: center, interior, middle
• Usage in a sentence: Extreme stress had driven him to the brink of a nervous breakdown.

2. Word: Incursion (आकस्मिक हमला)

• Pronunciation: in-kur-zhuhn/इन्कर्श़न
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
  a. a sudden attack on or act of going into a place, especially across a border
  b. a sudden and unwanted entrance to a place or area controlled by others
  c. a running in
  d. a harmful inroad
• Synonyms: invasion, assault, raid, attack
• Antonyms: retreat, defend, peace treaty
• Usage in a sentence: The bandits made brief incursions on the village.

 3. Word: Amass (संग्रह करना)

• Pronunciation: uh-mas/अमैस
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to gather for oneself
  b. to collect into a mass or pile
  c. to come together; assemble
• Synonyms: accumulate, collect, gather, hoard
• Antonyms: disperse, divide, dissipate, scatter
• Usage in a sentence: Some of his colleagues envy the enormous wealth that he has amassed.

4. Word: Partial (आंशिक)

• Pronunciation: pahr-shuhl/पार्शल
• Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
• Meaning:
  a. being such in part only; not total or general; incomplete (Adjective)
  b. biased or prejudiced in favor of a person, group, side, etc., over another, as in a controversy (Adjective)
  c. pertaining to or affecting a part (Adjective)
  d. one part that makes up a complex musical note (Noun)
• Synonyms: incomplete, prejudiced, biased, unfair
• Antonyms: complete, impartial, unprejudiced, just, fair
• Usage in a sentence: There has been a partial restructuring of our HR department.

5. Word: Patrol (पहरा देना/सैन्य-दल)

• Pronunciation: puh-trohl/पट्रोल
• Part of Speech: Verb, Noun 
• Meaning:
  a. (of a police officer, soldier, etc.) to pass along a road, beat, etc., or around or through a specified area in order to maintain order and security (Verb)
  b. to maintain the order and security of (a road, beat, area, etc.) by passing along or through it (verb)
  c. a person or group of persons assigned to patrol an area, road, etc. (Noun)
  d. an automobile, ship, plane, squadron, fleet, etc., assigned to patrol an area (Noun)
  e. (Military) a detachment of two or more persons, often a squad or platoon, detailed for reconnaissance or combat (Noun)
• Synonyms: guard, watch, scout, police
• Antonyms: neglect, ignore, pose a risk
• Usage in a sentence: A security guard with a dog patrols the building site at night.

6. Word: Spur (उसकाना)

• Pronunciation: spur/स्पर
• Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
• Meaning:
  a. to encourage an activity or development or make it happen faster (Verb)
  b. to push spurs into the side of a horse to make it go faster (Verb)
  c. a sharp, wheel-shaped metal object that is attached to the heel of boots worn by people riding horses and is used to encourage the horse to go faster (Noun)
  d. a high piece of land that sticks out from a mountain or a group of mountains (Noun)
  e. something that acts as an encouragement for an activity or development (Noun)
• Synonyms: goad, urge, encourage, incite
• Antonyms: discourage, dissuade, block
• Usage in a sentence: Rising consumer sales have the effect of spurring the economy to faster growth. 

7. Word: Takeaway (निष्कर्ष)

• Pronunciation: teyk-uh-wey/टेकअवे
• Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
• Meaning:
  a. something taken back or away, especially an employee benefit that is eliminated or substantially reduced by the terms of a union contract (Noun)
  b. conclusions, impressions, or action points resulting from a meeting, discussion (Noun)
  c. (British English) a takeout restaurant (Noun)
  d. food from a takeout restaurant (Noun)
  e. the act of getting the puck or ball away from the team on the offense (Noun)
  f. of or relating to what is or can be taken away (Adjective)
• Synonyms: quick meal, impact, analysis
• Usage in a sentence: At the end of the class, the teacher gives us the takeaway points.

8. Word: Enormous (विशाल/दीर्घाकार)

• Pronunciation: ih-nawr-muhs /ईनॉर्मस 
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning:
  a. greatly exceeding the common size, extent, etc.; huge; immense
  b. outrageous or atrocious
• Synonyms: huge, immense, gigantic, colossal
• Antonyms: diminutive, minute, insignificant
• Usage in a sentence: She showed enormous courage when she rescued him from the fire.

9. Word: Dilute (कमज़ोर करना/जलमिश्रित करना)

• Pronunciation: dih-loot/डाइलूट
• Part of Speech: Verb, Adjective
• Meaning:
  a. to make a liquid weaker by mixing in something else (Verb)
  b. to reduce the strength of a feeling, action, etc (Verb)
  c. made weaker by diluting (Adjective)
  d. (Finance) to make a company's shares less valuable by increasing the total number of shares, so that each shareholder gets a smaller part of the profit and owns a smaller percentage of the company than before (Verb)
• Synonyms: weaken, reduce, adulterate
• Antonyms: strengthen, strong, thicken
• Usage in a sentence: These measures are designed to dilute public fears about the product's safety.

10. Word: Frontline (सीमा संबंधी/ महत्त्वपूर्ण)

• Pronunciation: fruhnt lahyn/फ्रन्टलाइन
• Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
• Meaning:
  a. used to describe an employee who deals directly with customers, or who is directly involved in making a product (Adjective)
  b. used to describe a manager whose job involves dealing directly with a group of employees (Adjective)
  c. the military line or part of an army that is closest to the enemy (Noun)
  d. the most important or influential position in a debate or movement (Noun)
• Synonyms: battlefront, first line, forefront, first row
• Usage in a sentence: Tens of thousands of soldiers died on the frontline. 

1. Word: Triviality (लघु/ मामूली)

• Pronunciation: triv-ee-al-i-tee/ट्रिवीऐलटी 
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: a. something that is not important
  b. commonplace; ordinary
• Synonyms: insignificance, silliness, frivolity
• Antonyms: importance, crucialness, significance
• Usage in a sentence: I'm a busy man - don't bother me with trivialities.

2. Word: Introspection (अन्तरावलोकन)

• Pronunciation: in-truh-spek-shuhn/इन्ट्रोस्पेक्शन
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
  a. observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state, mental processes, etc.
  b. the act of looking within oneself
  c. the tendency or disposition to self examine oneself
• Synonyms: self examination, reflection, meditation
• Usage in a sentence: His defeat in the world championship led to a long period of gloomy introspection.

3. Word: Ameliorate (सुधारना/उन्नति करना)

• Pronunciation: uh-meel-yuh-reyt/अमील्यरैट
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to make something or become better, more bearable, or more satisfactory
  b. to make a bad or unpleasant situation better
• Synonyms: improve, upgrade, amend, enhance
• Antonyms: aggravate, deteriorate, worsen
• Usage in a sentence: Foreign aid is badly needed to ameliorate the effects of the drought.

 4. Word: Myriad (असंख्य)

• Pronunciation: mir-ee-uhd/मिरीअड
• Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. a very great or indefinitely great number of persons or things (Noun)
  b. of an indefinitely great number; innumerable (Adjective)
• Synonyms: countless, innumerable, infinite, multitude
• Antonyms: limited, measurable, countable
• Usage in a sentence: They offered no solution for all our myriad problems.

5. Word: Ferocity (निठुरता/निर्दयता)

• Pronunciation: fuh-ros-i-tee/फरासिटी
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
  a. the state of being frightening and violent
• Synonyms: fury, violence, brutality
• Antonyms: gentleness, friendliness, benevolence
• Usage in a sentence: I'd never been in an alpine storm of such ferocity.

6. Word: Bull­headed (हठीला)

• Pronunciation: boo l-hed-id/बुल्हेडिड
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. very determined to do what you want to do, especially without considering other people's feelings
  b. obstinately opinionated, especially in refusing to consider alternatives; stubborn
• Synonyms: stubborn, obstinate, headstrong
• Antonyms: compliant, responsive, rational, adaptable
• Usage in a sentence: I've been kind of bullheaded all my life.

7. Word: Chasten (संयत करना)

• Pronunciation: chey-suhn/चैसन
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to inflict suffering upon for purposes of moral improvement; chastise
  b. to restrain; subdue
• Synonyms: punish, castigate, penalize
• Antonyms: boost, help, honor
• Usage in a sentence: He was chastened by the defeat and determined to work harder.

8. Word: Paucity (अभाव)

• Pronunciation: paw-si-tee/पॉसिटी
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. the fact that there is too little of something
  b. the condition of having very little or not enough of something
• Synonyms: lack, dearth, scarcity, shortage
• Antonyms: plethora, abundance, opulence, adequacy
• Usage in a sentence: There is a paucity of information on the ingredients of many cosmetics.

9. Word: Linger (विलंबित करना)

• Pronunciation: ling-ger/लिंगअर
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to remain or stay on in a place longer than is usual or expected, as if from reluctance to leave
  b. to remain alive; continue or persist, although gradually dying, ceasing, disappearing, etc
  c. to dwell in contemplation, thought, or enjoyment
  d. to be tardy in action; delay; dawdle
  e. to walk slowly; saunter along
• Synonyms: delay, stay longer, persist, lag
• Antonyms: rush, hurry, hasten, speed up
• Usage in a sentence: We went to small cafes where we could linger over cappuccino.

10. Word: Tribulation (दारूण दुःख)

• Pronunciation:  trib-yuh-ley-shuhn/ट्रिब्यलैशन
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. grievous trouble; severe trial or suffering
  b. an instance of this; an affliction, trouble, etc
• Synonyms: misery, trouble, hardship, distress 
• Antonyms: joy, blessing, comfort
• Usage in a sentence: Does singing about the trials and tribulations of love inevitably make one a torch singer?

1. Word: Treacherous (अधर्मी/कपटी)

• Pronunciation: trech-er-uhs/ट्रेचरस
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: a. characterized by faithlessness or readiness to betray trust
  b. deceptive, untrustworthy, or unreliable
  c. unstable or insecure
  d. dangerous or hazardous
• Synonyms: deceitful, perfidious, untrustworthy
• Antonyms: loyal, safe, true, faithful
• Usage in a sentence: Freezing rain made driving treacherous.

2. Word: Revulsion (घृणा/आकस्मिक भाव परिवर्तन)

• Pronunciation: ri-vuhl-shuhn/रिवल्शन
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
  a. a strong feeling of repugnance, distaste, or dislike
  b. a sudden and violent change of feeling or response in sentiment, taste, etc.
  c. the act of drawing something back or away
  d. the fact of being so drawn
  e. (Medical) the diminution of morbid action in one part of the body by irritation in another
• Synonyms: repugnance, disgust, abhorrence
• Antonyms: desire, love, like, passion
• Usage in a sentence: I turned away in revulsion when they showed a close-up of the operation.

 3. Word: Impassive (आवेगहीन/उदासीन)

• Pronunciation: im-pas-iv/इम्पैसिव
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. without emotion; apathetic; unmoved
  b. calm; serene
  c. unconscious; insensible
  d. not subject to suffering
• Synonyms: indifferent, apathetic, stoic, unemotional
• Antonyms: flirty, emotional, wild, excited
• Usage in a sentence: Nick kept his face impassive but his mind was racing.

4. Word: Befall (घटित होना)

• Pronunciation: bih-fawl/बिफॉल
• Part of Speech: Verb
  a. to happen or occur
  b. to happen to someone especially by chance or fate
• Synonyms: happen, occur, take place, transpire
• Antonyms: blunder, vary greatly, intensification
• Usage in a sentence: Should any harm befall me on my journey, you may open this letter.

5. Word: Ebb (कम होना/घटना)

• Pronunciation: eb/एब
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. the flowing back of the tide as the water returns to the sea (opposed to flood, flow) (Noun)
  b. a flowing backward or away; decline or decay (Noun)
  c. a point of decline (Noun)
  d. to decline or decay; fade away (Verb)
  e. to flow back or away, as the water of a tide (Verb)
• Synonyms: wane, decline, decrease, subside
• Antonyms: surge, increase, advance, tide
• Usage in a sentence: He could feel his strength ebbing.

6. Word: Ghastly (डरावना/डरावने रूप में)

• Pronunciation: gast-lee/गैस्ट्ली
• Part of Speech: Adjective/Adverb
• Meaning: 
  a. shockingly frightful or dreadful; horrible (Adjective)
  b. resembling a ghost, especially in being very pale (Adjective)
  c. terrible; very bad (Adjective)
  d. in a ghastly manner; horribly; terribly (Adverb)
  e. with a deathlike quality (Adverb)
• Synonyms: scary, awful, terrible, frightful
• Antonyms: delightful, beautiful, lovely, pleasing
• Usage in a sentence: Today's newspaper gives all the ghastly details of the murder.

7. Word: Perpetrator (अपराधी)

• Pronunciation: pur-pi-trey-ter/पर्पट्रैटर
• Part of speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. a person who perpetrates, or commits an illegal, criminal, or evil act
• Synonyms: offender, culprit, criminal, felon
• Antonyms: victim, sufferer, slop, swine
• Usage in a sentence: The perpetrators of the massacre must be brought to justice as war criminals. 

8. Word: Imbue (भर देना)

• Pronunciation: im-byoo/इम्ब्यू
• Part of speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to impregnate or inspire, as with feelings, opinions, etc.
  b. to saturate or impregnate with moisture, color, etc.
• Synonyms: permeate, pervade, infuse, saturate
• Antonyms: drain, dry, commiserate
• Usage in a sentence: The new political leader was imbued with the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi.

9. Word: Mitigate (घटाना)

• Pronunciation: mit-i-geyt/मिटिगेट
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to lessen in force or intensity, as wrath, grief, harshness, or pain; moderate
  b. to make less severe
  c. to make (a person, one's state of mind, disposition, etc.) milder or more gentle; mollify; appease
• Synonyms: reduce, alleviate, ease, lessen
• Antonyms: aggravate, increase, intensify
• Usage in a sentence: It is unclear how to mitigate the effects of tourism on the island.

10. Word: Eviscerate (अशक्त कर देना)

• Pronunciation: ih-vis-uh-reyt/इविसरेट
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to remove the entrails from; disembowel
  b. to deprive of vital or essential parts
• Synonyms: disembowel, gut, weaken
• Antonyms: offend, fill, redirect
• Usage in a sentence: Each mouse carcass was skinned, eviscerated and digested.

11. Word: Hue (विविध रंग/चिल्लाहट)

• Pronunciation: hyoo/ह्यू
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. (a degree of lightness, darkness, strength, etc. of) a colour
  b. a different type or group
  c. form or appearance
• Synonyms: shade, tone, tint, tinge
• Antonyms: bleach, light
• Usage in a sentence: In the Caribbean waters there are fish of every hue.

12. Word: Verdant (ताजा/अनाड़ी)

• Pronunciation: vur-dnt/वर्डन्ट
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. green with vegetation; covered with growing plants or grass
  b. of the color green
  c. inexperienced; unsophisticated
• Synonyms: green, lush, fresh
• Antonyms: barren arid, infertile, multi skilled
• Usage in a sentence: Much of the region's verdant countryside has been destroyed in the hurricane.

13. Word: Intrusion (दखल)

• Pronunciation: in-troo-zhuh n/इन्ट्रूश़न
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. an act or instance of intruding
  b. the state of being intruded
  c. (Law) an illegal act of entering, seizing, or taking possession of another's property.
  d. (Geography) the flowing of hot melted rock into layers or cracks of rocks that already exist
• Synonyms: interference, invasion, trespass
• Antonyms: consideration, courtesy
• Usage in a sentence: His phone call was a welcome intrusion into an otherwise tedious morning.

1. Word: Chaotic (अस्त-व्यस्त)

• Pronunciation: key-ot-ik/कैआटिक
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: a. completely confused or disordered
• Synonyms: disorderly, disorganized, disordered, messy
• Antonyms: organized, ordered, systematic
• Usage in a sentence: The house is a bit chaotic at the moment.

2. Word: Deliberation (सोच समझ कर)

• Pronunciation: dih-lib-uh-rey-shuhn/डिलिबरेशन
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
  a. careful consideration or discussion before decision.
  b. formal consultation or discussion.
• Synonyms: consideration, reflection, contemplation
• Antonyms: preparedness, alacrity, indifference
• Usage in a sentence: After much deliberation, she decided to accept their offer.

 3. Word: Cite (उदधृत करना)

• Pronunciation: sahyt/साइट
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to quote (a passage, book, author, etc.), especially as an authority
  b. to mention in support, proof, or confirmation; refer to as an example
  c. to call to mind; recall
  d. to summon officially or authoritatively to appear in court
• Synonyms: quote, name, mention, refer
• Antonyms: forget, hide, ignore
• Usage in a sentence: She cited three reasons why people get into debt.

4. Word: Legacy (विरासत)

• Pronunciation: leg-uh-see/लेगसी
• Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
• Meaning:
  a. (Law) a gift of property, especially personal property, as money, by will; a bequest (Noun)
  b. anything handed down from the past, as from an ancestor or predecessor (Noun)
  c. an applicant to or student at a school that was attended by his or her parent (Noun)
  d. of or relating to old or outdated computer hardware, software, or data that, while still functional, does not work well with up-to-date systems (Adjective)
• Synonyms: heritage, inheritance, bequest
• Antonyms: dispossession, declamation, abnegation
• Usage in a sentence: An elderly cousin had left her a small legacy.

5. Word: Circumspect (सतर्क)

• Pronunciation: sur-kuhm-spekt/सर्कम्स्पेक्ट
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. watchful and discreet; cautious; prudent
  b. well-considered
• Synonyms: prudent, careful, cautions, watchful
• Antonyms: careless, incautious, sassy
• Usage in a sentence: Officials were circumspect about saying what the talks had achieved.

6. Word: Deferred (विलम्बित)

• Pronunciation: dih-furd/डिफर्ड
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. postponed or delayed
  b. suspended or withheld for or until a certain time or event
  c. classified as temporarily exempt from induction into military service
• Synonyms: postponed, delayed, adjourned, postpone
• Antonyms: hurried, forwarded, hastened, prepone
• Usage in a sentence: The decision has been deferred indefinitely.

7. Word: Haste (तेज़ी)

• Pronunciation: heyst/हेस्ट
• Part of speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. swiftness of motion; speed; celerity
  b. urgent need of quick action; a hurry or rush 
  c. unnecessarily quick action; thoughtless, rash, or undue speed 
• Synonyms: rush, hurry, speed, hustle
• Antonyms: slowness, delay, sluggishness
• Usage in a sentence: Unfortunately the report was prepared in haste and contained several inaccuracies.

8. Word: Delimitation (सीमा-निर्धारण)

• Pronunciation: dih-lim-i-tetion/डीलिमिटेशन
• Part of speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. the marking or describing of the limits of something
• Synonyms: demarcation, border, boundary
• Antonyms: unending, vast area
• Usage in a sentence: The main focus was the delimitation of responsibilities between the police and the judiciary.

9. Word: Heritage (धरोहर)

• Pronunciation: her-i-tij/हेरिटिज
• Part of Speech: Noun, Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. something that is handed down from the past, as a tradition (Noun)
  b. something that comes or belongs to one by reason of birth; an inherited lot or portion (Noun)
  c. something reserved for one (Noun)
  d. noting or relating to a product, place, etc., that evokes a nostalgic sense of tradition or history (Adjective)
  e. relating to an older, traditional breed of animal or plant (Adjective)
• Synonyms: inheritance, legacy, patrimony
• Antonyms: modern
• Usage in a sentence: The area has been designated a world heritage site.

10. Phrase: Rushing ahead (तेजी से आगे की ओर बढ़ना)

• Pronunciation: ruhsh-ing uh-hed/रशिंग अहेड
• Meaning: 
  a. to move ahead of a line or rush past someone
  b. to finish a job or task quicker than someone
  c. to do more of the task that was set
• Synonyms: headlong rush, headlong flight and forging ahead
• Usage in a sentence: Myanmar is rushing ahead with a major solar power initiative.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.

1	Cite	Heritage
2	Legacy	Postpone
3	Rushing ahead	Mention
4	Circumspect	headlong rush
5	Deferred	Watchful

1. Word: Silver Lining (आशा की किरण)

• Pronunciation: sil-ver lahy-ning/स्लिवर लाइनिंग
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: a. a sign of hope in an unfortunate or gloomy situation; a bright prospect
  b. an advantage that comes from a difficult or unpleasant situation
• Synonyms: ray of hope, bright side, glimmer of hope
• Antonyms: dark clouds, despair, hopelessness
• Usage in a sentence: When things look black, there's always a silver lining.

2. Word: Fatal (जीवघातक)

• Pronunciation: feyt-l/फेटल
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning:
  a. causing or capable of causing death; mortal; deadly
  b. causing destruction, misfortune, ruin, or failure
  c. decisively important; fateful
  d. proceeding from or decreed by fate; inevitable
  e. influencing or concerned with fate; fatalistic
• Synonyms: deadly, lethal, mortal
• Antonyms: healthful, nonfatal, safe
• Usage in a sentence: This illness is fatal in almost all cases.

3. Word: Hypothesis (अवधारणा)

• Pronunciation: hahy-poth-uh-sis/हाइपाथिसिस
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. an idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been proved
  b. a proposition assumed as a premise in an argument
  c. the antecedent of a conditional proposition
  d. a mere assumption or guess
• Synonyms: assumption, theory, conjectures
• Antonyms: proof, fact, paper trail
• Usage in a sentence: Several hypotheses for global warming have been suggested so far.

 4. Word: Trajectory (प्रक्षेपपथ)

• Pronunciation: truh-jek-tuh-ree/ट्रजेक्टरी
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. the curved path that an object follows after it has been thrown or shot into the air
• Synonyms: course, track, orbit
• Antonyms: off-track, distraction, disorientation
• Usage in a sentence:The missile came in on a very low trajectory.

5. Word: Exposure (ऋण जोखिम)

• Pronunciation: ik-spoh-zher/इक्स्पोश़र
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
  a. the act of exposing, laying open, or uncovering
  b. the fact or state of being exposed
  c. disclosure, as of something private or secret
  d. an act or instance of revealing or unmasking, as an impostor, crime, or fraud
  e. presentation to view, especially in an open or public manner
• Synonyms: revelation, risk, disclosure
• Antonyms: hiding, cover, protection
• Usage in a sentence: You should always limit your exposure to the sun.
  

6. Word: Infirm (कमजोर)

• Pronunciation: in-furm/इन्फर्म
• Part of Speech: Adjective, Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. ill or needing care, especially for long periods and often because of old age
  b. not firm, solid, or strong:
  c. unsound or invalid, as an argument or a property title
  d. to invalidate (Verb)
• Synonyms: disabled, invalid, faulty, weak
• Antonyms: strong, robust, healthy
• Usage in a sentence: She was too elderly and infirm to remain at home.

7. Word: Gamut (सारे पहलू)

• Pronunciation: gam-uht/गैमट
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. the entire scale or range of things that can be included in something
• Synonyms: range, spectrum, scale
• Antonyms: anachronism
• Usage in a sentence:In her stories she expresses the whole gamut of emotions, from happiness to sorrow.

8. Word: Stigmatize (कलंक लगाना)

• Pronunciation: stig-muh-tahyz/स्टिग्मटाइज़
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to treat someone or something unfairly by disapproving of him, her, or it
  b. to set some mark of disgrace or infamy upon
  c. to mark with a stigma or brand
• Synonyms: discredit, disgrace, besmirch
• Antonyms: exculpate, flatter, extol
• Usage in a sentence: People should not be stigmatized on the basis of race.

9. Phrase: Ramp up (बढ़ाना)

• Pronunciation: ramp-up/रैम्प अप
• Meaning: 
  a. to increase or cause to increase
  b. to increase the effort involved in a process
• Synonyms: accelerate, enhance, faster, speed up
• Antonyms: wait, stop, slow down, descend
• Usage in a sentence: The company announced plans to ramp up production to 10,000 units per month to meet demand.

10. Phrase: Acute (सूक्ष्ममति/अत्यधिक)

• Pronunciation: uh-kyoot/अक्यूट
• Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. sharp or severe in effect; intense (Adjective)
  b. extremely great or serious; crucial; critical (Adjective)
  c. (of disease) brief and severe (opposed to chronic) (Adjective)
  d. sharp or penetrating in intellect, insight, or perception (Adjective)
  e. extremely sensitive even to slight details or impressions (Adjective)
  f. a sign that is written above a letter in some languages, showing you how to pronounce the letter (Noun)
• Synonyms: sharp, keen, severe, intense
• Antonyms: dull, obtuse, slow, blunt
• Usage in a sentence: The problem of poverty is particularly acute in rural areas.

1. Word: Ominous (अपशकुन)

• Pronunciation: om-uh-nuh s/आमनस
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: a. suggesting that something unpleasant is likely to happen
  b. portending evil or harm, threatening or inauspicious
• Synonyms: threatening, sinister, menacing, foreboding
• Antonyms: auspicious, bright, promising, hopeful
• Usage in a sentence: There was an ominous silence when I asked whether my contract was going to be renewed.

2. Word: Prognosticate (पूर्व संकेत करना)

• Pronunciation: prog-nos-ti-keyt/प्राग्नास्टकेट
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning:
  a. to give a judgment about what is likely to happen in the future, especially in connection with a particular situation
• Synonyms: predict, foretell, forecast, portend
• Antonyms: ignore
• Usage in a sentence: He is in a good position to prognosticate on the future of commerce.

 3. Word: Mandarin (उच्चाधिकारी)

• Pronunciation: man-da-rin/मैन्डरिन
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. a person who has a very important job in the government, and who is sometimes considered to be too powerful
  b. a Chinese language that is the official language of China and Taiwan, and an official language of Singapore
  c. small, sweet type of orange that has a thinner, looser skin
• Synonyms: bureaucrat, civil servant, functionary, public servant
• Usage in a sentence: It often seems that true power lies with the Civil Service mandarins, rather than MPs and cabinet ministers.

4. Word: Malaise (बेचैनी)

• Pronunciation: ma-leyz/मैलेज़
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
  a. a general feeling of being ill or having no energy, or an uncomfortable feeling that something is wrong, especially with society, and that you cannot change the situation
  b. a vague sense of mental or moral ill-being
• Synonyms: discomfort, uneasiness, pain, unrest
• Antonyms: comfort, bliss, happiness, health
• Usage in a sentence: We were discussing the roots of the current economic malaise.

5. Word: Abate (कम करना)

• Pronunciation: uh-beyt/अबेट
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to become less strong
  b. (Law)to put an end to or suppress (a nuisance)
  c. (Law)to suspend or extinguish (an action)
  d. to deduct or subtract
  e. to omit
• Synonyms: lessen, diminish, decrease, reduce
• Antonyms: increase, intensify, enhance
• Usage in a sentence: The storm has started to abate.

6. Word: Mire (गंदा कर लेना)

• Pronunciation: mahyuh r/माइअर
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. a tract or area of wet, swampy ground; bog; marsh (Noun)
  b. ground of this kind, as wet, slimy soil of some depth or deep mud (Noun)
  c. to plunge and fix in mire; cause to stick fast in mire (Verb)
  d. to involve; entangle (Verb)
  e. to sink in mire or mud (Verb)
• Synonyms: muck, ooze, dirt, slime
• Antonyms: cleanliness, chastity, cleanness
• Usage in a sentence: At the time the country was mired in the Great Depression.

7. Word: Imperative (आत्यावश्यक)

• Pronunciation: im-per-uh-tiv/इम्पेरटिव
• Part of speech: Adjective, Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. extremely important or urgent (Adjective)
  b. a command (Noun)
  c. something that demands attention or action; an unavoidable obligation or requirement; necessity (Noun)
• Synonyms: essential, necessary, vital, crucial, urgent
• Antonyms: minor, unnecessary, needless
• Usage in a sentence: It is an imperative that we help defend friendly nations.

8. Word: Belie (दोषारोपण करना)

• Pronunciation: bih-lahy/बिलाइ
• Part of speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to show something to be false, or to hide something such as an emotion (Verb)
  b. to represent something falsely or to hide something (Verb)
• Synonyms: contradict, misrepresent, negate, garble
• Antonyms: prove, attest, reveal, show
• Usage in a sentence: Her calm face belied the terror she was feeling.

9. Word: Stringent (सख्त)

• Pronunciation: strin-juhnt/स्ट्रिन्जन्ट
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. rigorously binding or exacting; strict; severe
  b. compelling, constraining, or urgent
  c. convincing or forcible
  d. (of the money market) characterized by a shortage in money for loan or investment purposes; tight
• Synonyms: strict, harsh, rigorous, severe
• Antonyms: tolerant, lenient, flexible
• Usage in a sentence: We need to introduce more stringent security measures such as identity cards.

10. Phrase: Bottom out (निम्नतम बिंदु पर पहुँचना)

• Pronunciation: bot-uh m aout/बाटम आउट
• Meaning: 
  a. to reach the lowest point in a continuously changing situation and to be about to improve
• Synonyms: hit bottom, low point, touch the bottom
• Antonyms: advance, recovery
• Usage in a sentence: Economists think that the recession is bottoming out.

11. Phrase: Bite the bullet (मजबूरी में स्वीकार करना)

• Pronunciation: bahyt the boo l-it/बाइट द बुलट
• Meaning: 
  a. to force yourself to do something unpleasant or difficult, or to be brave in a difficult situation
• Synonyms: eat dust, grin and bear it, play through the pain
• Antonyms: avoid escape leave shun
• Usage in a sentence: I hate going to the dentist, but I'll just have to bite the bullet.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.

SR No.	Word	Synonym
1	Malaise	Slime
2	Mire	Discomfort
3	Prognosticate	Grin and bear it
4	Belie	Predict
5	Bite the Bullet	Contradict

1. Word: Battered (घायल)

• Pronunciation: bat-ered/बैटर्ड
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: a. injured by repeated blows or punishment
  b. having suffered repeated violence from a spouse, partner, or parent
  c. (of a thing) damaged by age and repeated use
• Synonyms: injured, damaged, beat-up, shabby, broken-down, bruised
• Antonyms: undamaged, new
• Usage in a sentence: She set up a sanctuary for battered wives.

2. Word: Lurk (छुपा रहना)

• Pronunciation: lurk/लर्क
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning:
  a. to lie or wait in concealment, as a person in ambush; remain in or around a place secretly or furtively
  b. to go furtively; slink; steal
  c. to exist unperceived or unsuspected
• Synonyms: hide, sneak, lie in wait, creep
• Antonyms: expose, come out, reveal, visible
• Usage in a sentence: Someone was lurking in the shadows.

 3. Word: Burgeon (बढ़ना)

• Pronunciation: bur-juhn/बर्जन
• Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. to grow or develop quickly; flourish (Verb)
  b. to begin to grow, as a bud, as a plant (often followed by out, forth) (verb)
  c. a bud; sprout (Noun)
• Synonyms: flourish, increase, grow, thrive
• Antonyms: dwindle, diminish, drop, decrease
• Usage in a sentence: The town burgeoned into a city in no time.

4. Word: Amplify (बढ़ाना)

• Pronunciation: am-pluh-fahy/ऐम्प्लफाइ
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning:
  a. to make larger, greater, or stronger
  b. to expand in stating or describing, as by details or illustrations
  c. to discourse at length; expatiate or expand one's remarks, speech, etc.
• Synonyms: expand, enlarge, magnify, increase
• Antonyms: contract, reduce, shorten, downplay
• Usage in a sentence: A funeral can amplify the feelings of regret and loss for the relatives.

5. Word: Marauding (लूट-मार करने वाला)

• Pronunciation: muh-raw-ding/मरॉडिंग
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. going from one place to another killing or using violence, stealing, and destroying
• Synonyms: predatory, ravaging, plundering, pillaging
• Antonyms: defensive
• Usage in a sentence: Witnesses reported gangs of marauding theives breaking into people's houses and setting fire to them.

6. Word: Arcane (रहस्यमय)

• Pronunciation: ahr-keyn/आर्कैन
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. mysterious and known only by a few people
  b. complicated and therefore understood or known by only a few people
• Synonyms: mysterious, dark, occult, secret
• Antonyms: common, known, normal, evident
• Usage in a sentence: He was the only person who understood all the arcane details of the agreement.

7. Word: Devastating (तबाह करनेवाला)

• Pronunciation: dev-uh-stey-ting/डेवस्टैटिंग
• Part of speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. tending or threatening to destroy
  b. satirical, ironic, or caustic in an effective way
• Synonyms: destructive, ravaging, disastrous,destroying
• Antonyms: constructive, benign, calming, comforting
• Usage in a sentence: If the bomb had exploded in the main shopping area, it would have been devastating.

8. Word: Precipitate (मारना)

• Pronunciation: pri-sip-i-teyt/प्रिसिपिटैट
• Part of speech: Verb, Noun, Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. to hasten the occurrence of; bring about prematurely, hastily, or suddenly (Verb)
  b. to throw someone or something from a height with great force (Verb)
  c. to separate, or cause a substance to separate from a liquid as a solid (Verb)
  d. a solid substance that is produced from a liquid during a chemical process (Noun)
  e. If an action is precipitate, it is done sooner or faster than expected and without enough thought or preparation (Adjective)
• Synonyms: hasty, rash, sudden, abrupt
• Antonyms: slow, deliberate
• Usage in a sentence: An invasion would certainly precipitate a political crisis.

9. Word: Pestilence (महामारी)

• Pronunciation: pes-tl-uh ns/पेस्टलन्स
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. a deadly or virulent epidemic disease
  b. something that is considered harmful, destructive, or evil
• Synonyms: plague, disease, epidemic, pest
• Antonyms: health, treatment, cure, endemic
• Usage in a sentence: In the 18th century several pestilences are recorded without description.

10. Word: Folly (मूर्खता)

• Pronunciation:fol-ee/फाली
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. the state or quality of being foolish; lack of understanding or sense
  b. a foolish action, practice, idea, etc.; absurdity
  c. a costly and foolish undertaking; unwise investment or expenditure
• Synonyms: foolishness, craziness, madness, insanity
• Antonyms: wisdom, understanding, prudence
• Usage in a sentence: She said that the idea was folly.

11. Word: Transcend (श्रेष्ठ होना)

• Pronunciation: tran-send/ट्रैन्सेन्ड
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to go further, rise above, or be more important or better than something, especially a limit
  b. to outdo or exceed in excellence
• Synonyms: exceed, surpass, excel, beat, outdo
• Antonyms: fail, cheat, lose, continue
• Usage in a sentence: The best films are those which transcend national or cultural barriers.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.

SR No.	Word	Synonym
1	Marauding	Injured
2	Devastating	Hide
3	Transcend	Exceed
4	Lurk	Ravaging
5	Battered	Plundering

1. Word: Throes (तीव्र वेदना/ टीस)

• Pronunciation: throh/थ्रोज़
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: a. experiencing or doing something that is difficult, unpleasant, or painful
  b. a violent spasm or pang
  c. a sharp attack of emotion
• Synonyms: agony, pain, suffering, torment
• Antonyms: comfort, good time, joy
• Usage in a sentence: He's in the throes of a mid-life crisis that makes him pretty hard to live with.

2. Word: Spate (बाढ़/बड़ी संख्या में)

• Pronunciation: speyt /स्पेट
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
  a. a sudden, almost overwhelming, outpouring
  b. a larger number of events than usual, especially unpleasant ones, happening at about the same time
• Synonyms: flood, surge, tide, deluge
• Antonyms: drip, shortage, drought
• Usage in a sentence: We have had a spate of burglaries recently.

 3. Word: Forbearance (सहनशीलता)

• Pronunciation: fawr-bair-uhns/फॉर्बेरन्स
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. the quality of being patient and being able to forgive someone or control yourself in a difficult situation
• Synonyms: patience, lenience, tolerance, indulgence 
• Antonyms: impatience, harshness, intolerance
• Usage in a sentence: He thanked his employees for the forbearance they had shown during the company's difficult times.

4. Word: Stimulus (उकसाना)

• Pronunciation: stim-yuh-luhs/स्टिम्यलस
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
  a. something that causes growth or activity
  b. (Biology) something that causes part of the body to react
• Synonyms: incentive, spur, motivation, incitement
• Antonyms: deterrent, discouragement, hindrance
• Usage in a sentence: The book will provide a stimulus to research in this very important area.

5. Word: Prognosis (भविष्य-कथन)

• Pronunciation: prog-noh-sis/प्राग्नोसिस
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. a statement of what is judged likely to happen in the future, especially in connection with a particular situation
  b. a doctor’s judgment of the likely or expected development of a disease, or a statement of what the likely future situation is
• Synonyms: prediction, forecast, prophesy, projection
• Antonyms: past
• Usage in a sentence: The prognosis after the operation was for a full recovery.

6. Word: Murky (अंधेरा/धुंधला)

• Pronunciation: mur-kee/मर्की
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. dark and dirty or difficult to see through
  b. used to describe a situation that is complicated and unpleasant, and about which many facts are not clear
• Synonyms: dark, cloudy, gloomy, shadowy
• Antonyms: clear, bright, luminous
• Usage in a sentence: The river was brown and murky after the storm.

7. Word: Pitch (खड़ा करना)

• Pronunciation: pich/पिच
• Part of speech: Verb, Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. to erect or set up (a tent, camp, or the like) (Verb)
  b. to put, set, or plant in a fixed or definite place or position (verb)
  c. to plunge or fall forward
  d. relative point, position, or degree (Noun)
  e. an area painted with lines for playing particular sports (Noun)
  f. a speech or act that attempts to persuade someone to buy or do something (Noun)
• Synonyms: cast, launch, hurl
• Antonyms: decline, catch, destroy, break down
• Usage in a sentence: She made a pitch for the job but she didn't get it.

8. Word: Fillip (प्रोत्साहित करना)

• Pronunciation: fil-uh p/फिलप
• Part of speech: Verb, Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. to strike with the nail of a finger snapped from the end of the thumb (Verb)
  b. to tap or strike smartly (Verb)
  c. anything that tends to rouse, excite, or revive; a stimulus (Noun)
• Synonyms: incentive, boost, encouragement
• Antonyms: done away with, suppress, make a bad impression
• Usage in a sentence: The news gave the stock market a big fillip.

9. Word: Bulwark (बांध, रक्षण-साधन)

• Pronunciation: bool-werk/बुल्वर्क
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. something that protects you from dangerous or unpleasant situations (Noun)
  b. to fortify or protect with a bulwark(barrier) (Verb)
  c. any person or thing giving strong support or encouragement in time of need, danger, or doubt (Noun)
  d. a wall of earth or other material built for defense (Noun)
• Synonyms: wall, rampart, dike, barrier
• Antonyms: fragility, massacre, expose
• Usage in a sentence: My savings were to be a bulwark against unemployment. 

10. Word: Respite (अवकाश/स्थगित करना)

• Pronunciation: res-pit/रेस्पिट
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. a pause or rest from something difficult or unpleasant (Noun)
  b. temporary suspension of the execution of a person condemned to death (Noun)
  c. to relieve temporarily, especially from anything distressing (Verb)
  d. to grant delay in the carrying out of (a punishment, obligation, etc.) (verb)
• Synonyms: rest, break, recess, intermission
• Antonyms: continuation, hustle
• Usage in a sentence: We worked for hours without respite

Exercise 2: Match the columns.

SR No.	Word	Antonym
1	Fillip	Break down
2	Respite	Continuation
3	Murky	Impatience
4	Forbearance	Luminous
5	Pitch	Suppress

1. Word: Quagmire (दलदल)

• Pronunciation: kwag-mahyuhr/क्वैग्माइअर
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: a. a situation from which extrication is very difficult
  b. anything soft or flabby
  c. an area of miry or boggy ground whose surface yields under the tread
• Synonyms: marsh,swamp, bog, mire
• Usage in a sentence: At the end of the game, the pitch was a real quagmire.

2. Word: Perilous (ख़तरनाक)

• Pronunciation:per-uh-luhs/पेरीलस
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning:
  a. involving or full of grave risk or peril
• Synonyms: dangerous, risky, hazardous, precarious
• Antonyms: safe, harmless, secure, beneficial
• Usage in a sentence: The country roads are quite perilous.

 3. Word: Acerbic (कसैला)

• Pronunciation: uh-sur-bik/असर्बिक
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. sour or astringent in taste
  b. harsh or severe, as of temper or expression
• Synonyms: bitter, caustic, tart, acrid
• Antonyms: sweet, genial, pleasant, bland, mild
• Usage in a sentence: After John heard his teacher’s acerbic comments, he was not motivated to complete his project.

4. Word: Mollify (शांत करना)

• Pronunciation: mol-uh-fahy/मालिफाइ
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning:
  a. to soften in feeling or temper, as a person
  b. to mitigate or reduce; soften
• Synonyms: soothe, appease, pacify, calm
• Antonyms: provoke, enrage, agitate, annoy
• Usage in a sentence: I tried to mollify her by giving her flowers.

5. Word: Roil (चिढ़ाना)

• Pronunciation: roil/रॉइल
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to disturb or disquiet; irritate; vex
  b. to render (water, wine, etc.) turbid by stirring up sediment
  c. to cause something to stop working in the usual or expected way
  d. to move or proceed turbulently
• Synonyms: annoy, disturb, irritate, bother
• Antonyms: please, appease, gratify
• Usage in a sentence: Fears about Japan roiled world financial markets last week.

6. Word: Scathing (नुकसान पहुंचाने वाला)

• Pronunciation: skey-th ing/स्कैदिंग
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. bitterly severe, as a remark
  b. harmful, injurious, or searing
• Synonyms: harsh, sarcastic, acrimonious
• Antonyms: gentle, mild, humble,delicate
• Usage in a sentence: He planned a scathing attack on the president.

7. Word: Avert (टालना/ रोक देना)

• Pronunciation: uh-vurt/अवर्ट
• Part of speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to turn away or aside
  b. to ward off; prevent
• Synonyms: avoid, prevent, stop, divert
• Antonyms: attract, help, aid, intervene
• Usage in a sentence: We tried to avert our thoughts from our massive financial problems.

8. Word: Torrid (गर्म)

• Pronunciation: tawr-id/टॉरिड
• Part of speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. subject to parching or burning heat, especially of the sun, as a geographical area
  b. oppressively hot, parching, or burningz, as climate, weather, or air
  c. ardent; passionate
  d. performing or doing something extremely well
• Synonyms: burning, fiery, scorching, hot
• Antonyms: freezing, frigid, arctic, chilly
• Usage in a sentence: Summers in the tropics are torrid.

9. Word: Concerted (संगठित)

• Pronunciation: kuhn-sur-tid/कन्सर्टिड
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. contrived or arranged by agreement; planned or devised together
  b. done or performed together or in cooperation
  c. (Music) arranged in parts for several voices or instruments
• Synonyms: joint, collective, together, unanimous
• Antonyms: separate, unilateral, contrarian, free standing
• Usage in a sentence: There has been a concerted campaign against the proposals. 

10. Word: Savage (जंगली/वहशी/ तीव्र आलोचना करना)

• Pronunciation: sav-ij /सैविज
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb, Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. fierce, ferocious, or cruel; untamed (Adjective)
  b. uncivilized; barbarous (Adjective)
  c. an uncivilized human being (Noun)
  d. a fierce, brutal, or cruel person (Noun)
  e. to assault and maul by biting, rending, goring, etc. (Verb)
  f. to attack or criticize thoroughly or remorselessly (Verb)
• Synonyms: wild, brutal, barbaric, cruel
• Antonyms: kind, civilized, gentle, tame
• Usage in a sentence: The child was savaged by a dog.

11. Word: Presumptive (आनुमानिक)

• Pronunciation: pri-zuhmp-tiv/प्रीज़म्प्टिव
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. affording ground for presumption
  b. based on likelihood or presumption
  c. regarded as such by presumption; based on inference
• Synonyms: likely, deeming, presumable
• Antonyms: inconceivable, improbable, unlikely
• Usage in a sentence: My girlfriend has always been pretty presumptive, jumping to conclusions about things before I have a chance to even explain myself.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.

SR No.	Word	Antonym
1	Acerbic	Civilized
2	Perilous	Freezing
3	Roil	Gratify
4	Torrid	Sweet
5	Savage	Harmless

1. Word: Reckless (लापरवाह)

• Pronunciation: rek-lis/रेक्लस
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: a. utterly unconcerned about the consequences of some action; without caution; careless (usually followed by of)
  b. characterized by or proceeding from such carelessness
• Synonyms: irresponsible, negligent, hasty, careless
• Antonyms: afraid, attentive, cautious
• Usage in a sentence: He was found guilty of reckless driving.

2. Word: Prosecute (मुकदमा चलाना)

• Pronunciation: pros-i-kyoot/प्रासक्यूट
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning:
  a. to institute legal proceedings against (a person)
  b. to seek to enforce or obtain by legal process
  c. to conduct criminal proceedings in court against
  d. to follow up or carry forward something undertaken or begun, usually to its completion
  e. to carry on or practice
• Synonyms: pursue, continue, trial, accuse
• Antonyms: liberate, pardon, halt
• Usage in a sentence: Shoplifters will be prosecuted.

 3. Word: Defamation (निन्दा)

• Pronunciation: def-uh-mey-shuh n/डेफमैशन
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. the act of defaming; false or unjustified injury of the good reputation of another, as by slander or libel; calumny
• Synonyms: slander, libel, vilification, calumny
• Antonyms: compliment, applause, praise
• Usage in a sentence: The lawsuit accused his former associates of defamation.

4. Word: Invoke (आह्वान करना)

• Pronunciation: in-vohk/इन्वोक
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning:
  a. to call for with earnest desire; make supplication or pray for
  b. to call on (a deity, Muse, etc.), as in prayer or supplication
  c. to declare to be binding or in effect
  d. to appeal to, as for confirmation
  e. to petition or call on for help or aid
  f. to call forth or upon (a spirit) by incantation
• Synonyms: summon, call forth, conjure, evoke
• Antonyms: dismiss, avoid, abandon
• Usage in a sentence: Police can invoke the law to regulate access to these places.

5. Word: Throttle (गला घोंटना)

• Pronunciation: throt-l/थ्राटल
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to stop the breath of by compressing the throat; strangle (Verb)
  b. to choke or suffocate in any way (Verb)
  c. to compress by fastening something tightly around (Verb)
  d. to silence or check as if by choking (Verb)
  e. a lever, pedal, handle, etc., for controlling or manipulating a throttle (Noun)
• Synonyms: accelerator, choke, strangle, stifle
• Antonyms: release, breathe, respire, restore
• Usage in a sentence: Sometimes he annoys me so much that I could throttle him.

6. Word: Scrutinize (जाँचना)

• Pronunciation: skroot-n-ahyz/स्क्रूटिनाइज़
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to examine in detail with careful or critical attention
  b. to conduct a scrutiny
• Synonyms: examine, study, inspect, investigate
• Antonyms: ignore, glance, neglect
• Usage in a sentence: He scrutinized the men's faces closely, trying to work out who was lying.

7. Word: Actuate (सक्रिय करना)

• Pronunciation: ak-choo-eyt/ऐक्चूएट
• Part of speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to incite or move to action; impel; motivate
  b. to put into action; start a process; turn on
• Synonyms: activate, move, impel, operate
• Antonyms: impede, stop, deactivate
• Usage in a sentence: He was actuated almost entirely by altruism.

8. Word: Malice (द्वेष)

• Pronunciation: mal-is/मैलिस 
• Part of speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. desire to inflict injury, harm, or suffering on another, either because of a hostile impulse or out of deep-seated meanness
  b. evil intent on the part of a person who commits a wrongful act injurious to others
• Synonyms: hatred, animosity, hostility, ill will
• Antonyms: kindness, benevolence, goodwill
• Usage in a sentence: There certainly wasn't any malice in her comments.

9. Word: Imputation (आरोप)

• Pronunciation: im-pyoo-tey-shuh n/इम्प्युटेशन
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. the act of imputing
  b. an attribution, as of fault or crime; accusation
• Synonyms: allegation, charge, accusation, blame
• Antonyms: credit, defense, bathe, confession
• Usage in a sentence: Nothing in the report carried any imputations against the company.

10. Word: Quash (रद्द करना)

• Pronunciation: kwosh/क्वॉश
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to put down or suppress completely; quell; subdue
  b. to make void, annul, or set aside (a law, indictment, decision, etc.)
• Synonyms: cancel, annul, suppress, reverse
• Antonyms: create, validate, establish, make
• Usage in a sentence: The revolt was swiftly quashed by government troops.

11. Word: Enunciate (व्यक्त करना)

• Pronunciation: ih-nuhn-see-eyt/ईनन्सीऐट
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to utter or pronounce (words, sentences, etc.), especially in an articulate or a particular manner
  b. to state or declare definitely, as a theory
  c. to announce
• Synonyms: pronounce, utter, articulate, voice, announce
• Antonyms: mumble, mispronounce, keep quiet, muffle
• Usage in a sentence: He doesn't enunciate (his words) very clearly.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.

SR No.	Word	Synonym
1	Invoke	Summon
2	Defamation	Examine
3	Reckless	Allegation
4	Imputation	Irresponsible
5	Scrutinize	Pursue

1. Word: Languish (कमजोर होना)

• Pronunciation: lang-gwish/लैंगग्विश
• Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
• Meaning: a. to be or become weak or feeble; droop; fade (Verb)
  b. to lose vigor and vitality (Verb)
  c. to undergo neglect or experience prolonged inactivity; suffer hardship and distress (Verb)
  d. to be subjected to delay or disregard; be ignored (Verb)
  e. the act or state of languishing (Noun)
  f. a tender, melancholy look or expression (Noun)
• Synonyms: weaken, deteriorate, decline, wither
• Antonyms: recover, flourish, improve, recuperate
• Usage in a sentence: Traditional industries continue to languish or disappear.

2. Word: Palliative (प्रशामक उपचार)

• Pronunciation: pal-ee-ey-tiv/पैलीएटिव
• Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
• Meaning:
  a. reducing pain without curing the cause of the pain (Adjective)
  b. a drug or medical treatment that reduces pain without curing the cause of the pain (Noun)
• Synonyms: lenitive, sedative, anodyne
• Antonyms: intensifying, baneful, painful
• Usage in a sentence: Most of the AIDS research community were either working on vaccines for prevention or on stronger palliatives.

 3. Word: Morbidity (रुगण्ता)

• Pronunciation: mawr-bid-i-tee/मॉर्बिडिटी
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. the morbidity of a disease is how many people have it in a particular population (Noun)
  b. the fact of being too interested in unpleasant subjects, especially death (Noun)
• Synonyms: mortality rate, ailment
• Antonyms: health, wholesomeness
• Usage in a sentence: She remembered her dead brother without morbidity.

4. Word: Buoyant (उल्लासी)

• Pronunciation: boi-uhnt/बॉइअन्ट
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning:
  a. tending to float in a fluid
  b. capable of keeping a body afloat, as a liquid
  c. not easily depressed; cheerful
  d. cheering or invigorating
• Synonyms: cheerful, happy, joyful
• Antonyms: sad, heavy, depressed
• Usage in a sentence: Cork is light and buoyant.

5. Word: War-footing (युद्ध स्तर पर)

• Pronunciation: pri-kair-ee-uhs/वार फुटिंग
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. the condition or status of a military force or other organization when operating under a state of war or as if a state of war existed
• Usage in a sentence: The country was on a war footing last night after the most devastating terrorist attack in history.

6. Word: Regime (शासन-पद्धति)

• Pronunciation: ruh-zheem/रैश़ीम
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. a mode or system of rule or government
  b. a ruling or prevailing system
  c. a government in power
  d. the period during which a particular government or ruling system is in power
• Synonyms: system, rule, government, scheme
• Antonyms: chaos, disorder, anarchy
• Usage in a sentence: The old corrupt, totalitarian regime was overthrown.

7. Word: Erupt (विस्फोट होना)

• Pronunciation: ih-ruhpt/ईरप्ट
• Part of speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to burst forth
  b. (of a volcano, geyser, etc.) to eject matter
  c. to break out of a pent-up state, usually in a sudden and violent manner
  d. to break out in a skin rash
  e. to release violently; burst forth with
• Synonyms:explode, burst, detonate, blow up
• Antonyms: contain, develop, carry, come
• Usage in a sentence: At the end of a hot summer, violence erupted in the inner cities.

8. Word: Supplement (पूर्ति करना)

• Pronunciation: suhp-luh-muhnt/सप्लमेन्ट
• Part of speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. something added to complete a thing, supply a deficiency, or reinforce or extend a whole (Noun)
  b. a part added to a book, document, etc., to supply additional or later information, correct errors, or the like (Noun)
  c. a part, usually of special character, issued as an additional feature of a newspaper or other periodical (Noun)
  d. to complete, add to, or extend by a supplement (Verb)
  e. to form a supplement or addition to (Verb)
• Synonyms: complement, complete, addition, increase
• Antonyms: deduction. epitome, decrease
• Usage in a sentence: The newspaper publishes a sports supplement every Monday.

9. Word: Intervention (हस्तक्षेप)

• Pronunciation: in-ter-ven-shuh n/इन्टर्वेन्शन
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. the act or fact of intervening
  b. interposition or interference of one state in the affairs of another
• Synonyms: interference, intrusion, interfere
• Antonyms: noninterference, exasperation, in-citation
• Usage in a sentence: Repeated interventions on the currency markets failed to prevent the currency's value falling.

10. Word: Address (संबोधित करना)

• Pronunciation: uh-dres/अड्रेस
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. a speech or written statement, usually formal, directed to a particular group of persons (Noun)
  b. a direction as to the intended recipient, written on or attached to a piece of mail (Noun)
  c. to make an appeal (Verb)
  d. to make preparations (Verb)
• Synonyms: tackle, meet, resolve, deal
• Antonyms: ignore, evade, disdain, dismiss
• Usage in a sentence: The issue of funding has yet to be addressed.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.

SR No.	Word	Synonym
1	Supplement	Tackle
2	Languish	Intrusion
3	Erupt	Complete
4	Intervention	Explode
5	Address	Weaken

1. Word: Fragile (नाज़ुक)

• Pronunciation: fraj-uh l/फ्रैजल
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: a. easily broken, shattered, or damaged; delicate; brittle; frail
  b. vulnerably delicate, as in appearance
  c. lacking in substance or force; flimsy
• Synonyms: delicate, weak, frail, brittle
• Antonyms: unbreakable, strong, sturdy, firm
• Usage in a sentence: Be careful with that vase - it's very fragile.

2. Word: Catastrophic (अनर्थकारी)

• Pronunciation: kat-uh-strof-ik/कैटस्ट्राफिक
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning:
  a. of the nature of a catastrophe, or disastrous event; calamitous
• Synonyms: disastrous, tragic, ruinous, destructive
• Antonyms: harmless, lucky, encouraging
• Usage in a sentence: She had to put her catastrophic Olympic performance out of her mind.

 3. Word: Bolster (सहारा देना)

• Pronunciation: bohl-ster/बोल्स्टर
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. a long, often cylindrical, cushion or pillow for a bed, sofa, etc (Noun)
  b. anything resembling this in form or in use as a support (Noun)
  c. any pillow, cushion, or pad (Noun)
  d. to support with or as with a pillow or cushion (Verb)
  e. to add to, support, or uphold (Verb)
• Synonyms: support, strengthen, reinforce, sustain, buttress
• Antonyms: undermine, weaken, prevent, hinder
• Usage in a sentence: More money is needed to bolster the industry.

4. Word: Lash (जोर से मारना)

• Pronunciation: lash/लैश
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning:
  a. the flexible part of a whip; the section of cord or the like forming the extremity of a whip (Noun)
  b. a swift stroke or blow, with a whip or the like, given as a punishment (Noun)
  c. to strike or beat, as with a whip or something similarly slender and flexible (Verb)
  d. to beat violently or sharply against (Verb)
  e. to strike vigorously at someone or something (Verb)
  f. to attack or reprove someone with harsh words (Verb)
• Synonyms: whip, scourge, beat, thrash
• Antonyms: praise, unbid, compliment
• Usage in a sentence: The prisoners were regularly lashed with electric cable.

5. Word: Precarious (अनिश्चित)

• Pronunciation: pri-kair-ee-uhs/प्रीकेरीअस
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. dependent on circumstances beyond one's control; uncertain; unstable; insecure
  b. dependent on the will or pleasure of another; liable to be withdrawn or lost at the will of another
  c. exposed to or involving danger; dangerous; perilous; risky
  d. having insufficient, little, or no foundation
• Synonyms: hazardous, risky, unstable, insecure
• Antonyms: secure, safe, strong, stable
• Usage in a sentence: Many borrowers now find themselves caught in a precarious financial position.

6. Word: Anticipate (पूर्वानुमान करना)

• Pronunciation: an-tis-uh-peyt/ऐन्टिसपेट
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to realize beforehand; foretaste or foresee
  b. to expect; look forward to; be sure of
  c. to perform (an action) before another has had time to act
  d. to answer (a question), obey (a command), or satisfy (a request) before it is made
  e. to nullify, prevent, or forestall by taking countermeasures in advance
  f. to think, speak, act, or feel an emotional response in advance
• Synonyms: expect, predict, foresee, forecast
• Antonyms: unexpected, be unready, unforeseen, 
• Usage in a sentence: At this stage we can't really anticipate what will happen.

7. Phrase: Weigh down (झुका देना)

• Pronunciation: wey-doun/वे डाउन
• Meaning: 
  a. to make a person feel worried and unhappy because of problems, responsibilities, and duties
• Synonyms: burden, load, overload, oppress
• Antonyms: cheer, lighten
• Usage in a sentence: Too much responsibility when too young can weigh down on a child.

8. Phrase: In the wake of (के परिणामस्वरूप)

• Pronunciation: in-the-weyk-off/इन द वेक ऑफ़
• Meaning: 
  a. following (someone or something), especially as a consequence.
• Synonyms: following, as a result of, as a consequence of
• Antonyms: even though, despite
• Usage in a sentence: Airport security was extra tight in the wake of yesterday's bomb attacks.

9. Word: Jeopardy (खतरा)

• Pronunciation: jep-er-dee/ जेपर्डी
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. hazard or risk of or exposure to loss, harm, death, or injury
  b. peril or danger
  c. Law. the danger or hazard of being found guilty, and of consequent punishment
• Synonyms: hazard, peril, risk, danger, threat
• Antonyms: safety, protection, security, immunity
• Usage in a sentence: The lives of thousands of birds are in jeopardy as a result of the oil spill.

10. Word: Fabricate(झूठी कहानी बनाना)

• Pronunciation: fab-ri-keyt/फैब्रकेट
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to make by art or skill and labor; construct
  b. to make by assembling parts or sections
  c. to devise or invent (a legend, lie, etc.)
  d. to fake; forge (a document, signature, etc.)
• Synonyms: invent, create, produce, make up, make
• Antonyms: destroy, ruin, extinguish, shatter
• Usage in a sentence: He was late, so he fabricated an excuse to avoid trouble.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.

SR No.	Word	Synonym
1	Fragile	Forecast
2	Anticipate	Hazard
3	Precarious	Hazardous
4	Jeopardy	Disastrous
5	Catastrophic	Delicate

1. Word: Sparse (अपर्याप्त)

• Pronunciation: spahrs/स्पार्स
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: a. thinly scattered or distributed
  b. not thick or dense; thin
  c. scanty; meager
• Synonyms: scanty, scarce, inadequate, meager
• Antonyms: plentiful, abundant, lush, dense
• Usage in a sentence: Information coming out of the disaster area is sparse.

2. Word: Equipoise (संतुलन)

• Pronunciation: ee-kwuh-poiz/ईक्वपॉइज़
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning:
  a. an equal distribution of weight; even balance; equilibrium (Noun)
  b. a counterpoise (Noun)
  c. to equal or offset in weight or balance (Verb)
• Synonyms: balance, equilibrium, symmetry, trade off
• Antonyms: unevenness, imbalance, disequilibrium
• Usage in a sentence: There is in the artist's landscapes a delicate equipoise between the natural and the man-made.

 3. Word: Cull (चुनना)

• Pronunciation: kuhl/कल
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to choose; select; pick (Verb)
  b. to gather the choice things or parts from (Verb)
  c. to collect; gather; pluck (Verb)
  d. to kill weaker ones (Verb)
  e. act of culling (Noun)
  f. something culled, especially something picked out and put aside as inferior (Noun)
• Synonyms: select, pick, extract, choose
• Antonyms: scatter, deselect, disperse
• Usage in a sentence: She went to strange lands to cull recipes for her book.

4. Word: Robust (मजबूत)

• Pronunciation: roh-buhst/रोबस्ट
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning:
  a. strong and healthy; hardy; vigorous
  b. strongly or stoutly built
  c. suited to or requiring bodily strength or endurance
  d. rough, rude, or boisterous
  e. rich and full-bodied
  f. strong and effective in all or most situations and conditions
• Synonyms: strong, sound, powerful, stable
• Antonyms: weak, fragile, frail, delicate
• Usage in a sentence: He looks robust and healthy enough.

5. Word: Chronic (जीर्ण)

• Pronunciation: kron-ik/क्रानिक
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. constant; habitual; inveterate
  b. continuing a long time or recurring frequently
  c. having long had a disease, habit, weakness, or the like
• Synonyms: constant, lasting, continuing, persistent
• Antonyms: brief, temporary, acute, occasional
• Usage in a sentence: There is a chronic shortage of teachers.

6. Word: Altar (टेबल जिसपर भगवान पर चढ़ाने वाली सामग्रियाँ रखी जाती है)

• Pronunciation: awl-ter/ऑल्टर
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. an elevated place or structure, as a mound or platform, at which religious rites are performed or on which sacrifices are offered to gods, ancestors, etc
  b. (in a dry dock) a ledge for supporting the feet of shoring
• Synonyms: shrine, sanctum, sanctuary, holy place
• Usage in a sentence: It is time to stop worshiping at the altar of golden calves.

7. Word: Buttress (मज़बूत बनाना)

• Pronunciation: buh-tris/बट्रिस
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. any external prop or support built to steady a structure by opposing its outward thrusts (Noun)
  b. a thing shaped like a buttress, as a tree trunk with a widening base (Noun)
  c. a bony or horny protuberance, especially on a horse's hoof (Noun)
  d. to support by a buttress; prop up (Verb)
  e. to give encouragement or support a plan or person (Verb)
• Synonyms: support, bolster, reinforce, strengthen
• Antonyms: weaken, debunk, bring down, degrade
• Usage in a sentence: It was decided to buttress the crumbling walls.

8. Word: Coursing (पथ निर्धारण)

• Pronunciation: kawr-sing/कोर्सिंग
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. the act of a person or thing that courses
  b. the sport of pursuing game with dogs that follow by sight rather than by scent
• Synonyms: flowing, running, dashing off, chasing
• Antonyms: walking normally, standing still, stagnant
• Usage in a sentence: Exhausted 'Hare coursing' dog abandoned in North Berwick

9. Word: Semblance (समांता)

• Pronunciation: sem-bluhns/ सेम्ब्लन्स
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. outward aspect or appearance
  b.an assumed or unreal appearance
  c. a likeness, image, or copy
  d. a spectral appearance; apparition
• Synonyms: likeness, image, resemblance
• Antonyms: difference, contrast, dissimilarity
• Usage in a sentence: He was executed without even the semblance of a fair trial.

10. Word: Hamper (रोकना)

• Pronunciation: ham-per/हैम्पर
• Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. to hold back; hinder; impede (Verb)
  to interfere with; curtail (Verb)
  a large, rectangular container with a lid(Noun)
• Synonyms: hinder, impede, obstruct
• Antonyms: help, encourage, expedite
• Usage in a sentence: High winds hampered efforts to put out the fire.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.

SR No.	Word	Antonym
1	Cull	Stagnant
2	Robust	Promote
3	Hamper	Fragile
4	Coursing	Plentiful
5	Sparse	Scatter

1. Word: Grim (कुरूप)

• Pronunciation: grim/ग्रिम
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: a. stern and admitting of no appeasement or compromise
  b. of a sinister or ghastly character; repellent
  c. having a harsh, surly, forbidding, or morbid air
  d. fierce, savage, or cruel
• Synonyms: gloomy, depressing, dark, bleak
• Antonyms: cheerful, bright, happy, kind
• Usage in a sentence: The future looks grim.

2. Word: Vulnerable (वेदनीय)

• Pronunciation: vuhl-ner-uh-buhl/वल्नरबल
• Part of Speech:Adjective
• Meaning:
  a. capable of or susceptible to being wounded or hurt, as by a weapon
  b. open to moral attack, criticism, temptation, etc.
  c. (of a place) open to assault; difficult to defend
• Synonyms: exposed, unprotected, weak, insecure, at risk
• Antonyms: safe, secure, guarded, invincible
• Usage in a sentence: Start-ups are very vulnerable in the business world.

3. Word: Sprint (कम दूरी की तेज दौड़ लगाना)

• Pronunciation: s-print/स्प्रिन्ट
• Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. to race or move at full speed, especially for a short distance, as in running, rowing, etc. (Verb)
  b. to traverse in sprinting(Verb)
  c. a short race at full speed. (Noun)
  d. a burst of speed at any point during a long race, as near the finish line. (Noun)
  e. a brief spell of great activity(Noun)
• Synonyms: race, rush, run, dash, hurry
• Antonyms: walk, dawdle, linger, stroll
• Usage in a sentence: We had to sprint to catch the bus.

 4. Word: Turf (घास का मैदान)

• Pronunciation: t-urf/टर्फ
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. a layer of matted earth formed by grass and plant roots (Noun)
  b. peat, especially as material for fuel (Noun)
  c. a block or piece of peat dug for fuel (Noun)
  d. to cover with turf or sod (Verb)
• Synonyms: field, area, grass, lawn
• Antonyms: lodge, shelter, harbour
• Usage in a sentence: Lush turf lined the river’s banks.

5. Word: Slam (ज़ोर से मारना)

• Pronunciation: sl-am/स्लैम
• Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
• Meaning:
  a. to shut with force and noise (Verb)
  b. to dash, strike, knock, thrust, throw, slap down, etc., with violent and noisy impact (Verb)
  c. a violent and noisy closing, dashing, or impact (Noun)
  d. the noise so made (Noun)
• Synonyms: bang, knock, smash, crash, whack
• Antonyms: praise, compliment, flatter
• Usage in a sentence: Close the door carefully, don't slam it.

6. Word: Harbour (पनाह देना/आश्रयगृह/बंदरगाह)

• Pronunciation: hahr-ber/हार्बर
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. a part of a body of water along the shore deep enough for anchoring a ship and so situated with respect to coastal features, whether natural or artificial, as to provide protection from winds, waves, and currents (Noun)
  b. such a body of water having docks or port facilities(Noun)
  c. to give shelter to; offer refuge to(Verb)
  d. to conceal; hide(Verb)
  e. to keep or hold in the mind; maintain; entertain(Verb)
• Synonyms: cover, seaport, shelter
• Antonyms: undock, pose a threat, entrust
• Usage in a sentence: There are those who harbour suspicions about his motives.

7. Word: Transpire (पता चलना)

• Pronunciation: tran-spahyuh r/ ट्रैन्स्पाइअर
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: 
  a. to occur; happen; take place
  b. to emit or give off waste matter, watery vapor, etc., through the surface, as of the body or of leaves
  c. to escape, as moisture or odor, through or as if through pores
  d. to be revealed or become known
• Synonyms: occur, happen, befall, take place
• Antonyms: vanish, remove, stop, quit
• Usage in a sentence: No one is willing to predict what may transpire at the peace conference.

8. Word: Ubiquitous (सर्वत्र)

• Pronunciation: ri-streynt/यूबिक्विटस
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: 
  a. existing or being everywhere, especially at the same time; omnipresent
• Synonyms: omnipresent, universal, everywhere, pervasive, prevalent
• Antonyms: rare, absent, scarce, infrequent
• Usage in a sentence:The mobile phone, the most ubiquitous of consumer-electronic appliances, is about to enter a new age.

9. Phrase: Shrug aside (ध्यान न देना)

• Pronunciation: shruhg uh-sahyd/श्रग असाइड
• Meaning: 
  a. to treat something as if it is not important
• Synonyms:disregard, ignore, dismiss
• Antonyms: regard, consider
• Usage in a sentence:His recent post yet again inspires us to shrug aside laziness and get fit..

10. Word : Diktat (अलोकप्रिय और कड़ा आदेश)

• Pronunciation: dik-taht/ डिक्टाट
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a.a harsh, punitive settlement or decree imposed unilaterally on a defeated nation, political party, etc
  b. any decree or authoritative statement
• Synonyms: dictation, imposition, enforcement
• Antonyms: quest, petition, demand
• Usage in a sentence: The occupying force ruled by diktat.

11. Word: Accompaniment (संलग्न वस्तु)

• Pronunciation: uh-kuhm-puh-ni-muh nt/अकम्पनिमन्ट
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: 
  a. something incidental or added for ornament, symmetry, etc
  b. (Music) a part in a composition designed to serve as background and support for more important parts
• Synonyms: accessory, adjunct, complement, accompanying, companion
• Antonyms: contradict, social isolation, solitude
• Usage in a sentence: A dry champagne makes the ideal accompaniment to this dish.

Exercise 2: Match the columns.

SR No.	Word	Synonym
1	Transpire	Dash
2	Vulnerable	Shelter
3	Sprint	Expose
4	Harbour	Imposition
5	Diktat	Occur